Gottfried N W, Seay B M, Wismar K
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803.
J Genet Psychol. 1987 Dec;148(4):479-87. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1987.10532486.
This study examined the effects of neonatal sex and birth order on maternal caretaking patterns for pre-attachment behaviors shown by mothers and instrumental behaviors seen in both mothers and temporary caretakers. Observational category scores were obtained for mothers of 20 newborn infants and for temporary caretakers observed in a 15 min bottle-feeding situation. A repeated measures analysis of variance design was used to partition categories into caretaking classifications and to evaluate the effects of infant sex and birth order. Significant main effects for caretaker (p less than .05) were obtained: six mother-high, pre-attachment categories, and seven mother-low, instrumental behavior categories. Maternal scores sensitive to infant sex and birth order were identified from Caretaker x Sex x Birth Order interactions (p less than .05). Birth order differences affected maternal behaviors directed toward sons more substantially than those directed toward daughters. Mothers held first-born sons upright in tactual contact with the trunk, whereas daughters were held supine on the lap and exposed to frequent maternal smiling.
本研究考察了新生儿性别和出生顺序对母亲照顾模式的影响，这些照顾模式体现在母亲的依恋前行为以及母亲和临时照料者的工具性 行为上。对20名新生儿的母亲以及在15分钟奶瓶喂养情境中观察到的临时照料者，获取了观察类别分数。采用重复测量方差分析设计，将类别划分为照顾分类，并评估婴儿性别和出生顺序的影响。获得了照料者的显著主效应（p小于0.05）：六个母亲高、依恋前类别，以及七个母亲低、工具性行为类别。从照料者×性别×出生顺序的交互作用中确定了对婴儿性别和出生顺序敏感的母亲分数（p小于0.05）。出生顺序差异对母亲针对儿子的行为影响比对女儿的影响更大。母亲让长子直立，与躯干有触觉接触，而女儿则仰卧在腿上，母亲频繁微笑。
