7T 人体磁共振扫描仪的安全性。
Safety for Human MR Scanners at 7T.
机构信息
Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University.
出版信息
Magn Reson Med Sci. 2022 Oct 1;21(4):531-537. doi: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0063. Epub 2021 Aug 6.
After introduction of the first human 7 tesla (7T) system in 1999, 7T MR systems have been employed as one of the most advanced platforms for human MR research for more than 20 years. Currently, two 7T MR models are approved for clinical use in the U.S.A. The approval facilitated introduction of the 7T system, summing up to around 100 worldwide. The approval in Japan is much awaited. As a clinical MR scanner, the 7T MR system is drawing attention in terms of safety.Several large-sized studies on bioeffects have been reported for vertigo, dizziness, motion disturbances, nausea, and others. Such effects might also be found in MR workers and researchers. Frequency and severity of reported bioeffects will be presented and discussed, including their variances. The high resonance frequency and shorter RF wavelength of 7T increase the concern about the safety. Homogeneous RF pulse excitation is difficult even for the brain, and a multi-channel parallel transmit (pTx) system is considered mandatory. However, pTx may create a hot spot, which makes the estimation of specific absorption rate (SAR) to be difficult. The stronger magnetic field of 7T causes a large force of displacement and heating on metallic implants or devices, and the scan of patients with them should not be conducted at 7T. However, there are some opinions that such patients might be scanned even at 7T, if certain criteria are met. This article provides a brief review on the effect of the static magnetic field on humans (MR subjects, workers, and researchers) and neurons, in addition to scan sound, SAR, and metal implants and devices. Understanding and avoiding adverse effects will contribute to the reduction in safety risks and the prevention of incidents.
自 1999 年推出第一台 7 特斯拉(7T)系统以来,7T MR 系统已经作为人类 MR 研究的最先进平台之一,被应用了 20 多年。目前,美国有两款 7T MR 模型已获准用于临床。这一批准促进了 7T 系统的引入,全球范围内约有 100 台。人们期待着日本的批准。作为一种临床磁共振扫描仪,7T MR 系统在安全性方面受到关注。已经有几项关于生物效应的大型研究报告了眩晕、头晕、运动障碍、恶心等方面的问题。这些影响也可能在磁共振工作人员和研究人员中出现。本研究将介绍和讨论报告的生物效应的频率和严重程度,包括它们的差异。7T 的高共振频率和较短的射频波长增加了对安全性的关注。即使对于大脑,均匀的射频脉冲激发也很困难,因此多通道并行发射(pTx)系统被认为是强制性的。然而,pTx 可能会产生热点,这使得对特定吸收率(SAR)的估计变得困难。7T 的强磁场会对金属植入物或设备产生大的位移力和加热,因此不应该在 7T 下对这些患者进行扫描。然而,也有一些观点认为,如果满足某些标准,这些患者可能可以在 7T 下进行扫描。本文简要回顾了静磁场对人体(磁共振受检者、工作人员和研究人员)和神经元的影响,以及扫描声音、SAR 和金属植入物和设备的影响。了解和避免不良反应有助于降低安全风险,预防事故发生。