Sports Cardiology BC, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2022 Oct;22(10):1475-1483. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1966103. Epub 2021 Aug 22.
Pre-participation screening (PPS), using a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), is recommended to identify athletes at risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). ECG interpretation criteria have been developed to address the concern arising from high false-positives in athletes. There are limited ECG data in elite female footballers. The aims of this study were to (1) compare the ECG outcomes using three published ECG criteria (European Society of Cardiology [ESC], Seattle, International) in elite female footballers and (2) compare ECG data at three different stages of a competitive season. Eighty-one elite female footballers (21 ± 4 yr) completed a medical assessment, anthropometrics, resting blood pressure and a resting 12-lead ECG. Each 12-lead ECG was interpreted in accordance with (1) ESC; (2) Seattle; (3) International Criteria to determine training-related and non-training-related ECG changes. A subset of thirteen (26 ± 4 yr) footballers had repeated resting ECG tests at three time points across the competitive season. Eighty percent of females had training-related ECG patterns. Sinus bradycardia (65%) and early repolarization (42%) were the most common. Using the ESC Criteria 25% (20/81) of the athletes were considered to have an abnormal ECG, compared to 0% using the Seattle and International Criteria, mainly due to alterations in QT length criteria. There were no clinically significant differences in ECG data across a competitive season. The Seattle and International ECG Criteria significantly reduced the number of ECG false-positives in elite female footballers and the time point of PPS within a competitive season is unlikely to alter the PPS outcomes. AMSSM: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine; ANOVA: Analysis of Variance; BSA: Body Surface Area; ECG: Electrocardiogram; ESC: European Society of Cardiology; FA: Football Association; FIFA: The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA); F-MARC: FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre; LAE: Left atrial enlargement; LVH: Left ventricular hypertrophy; PPS: Pre-participation screening; SCD: Sudden cardiac death.
赛前筛查（PPS）使用 12 导联心电图（ECG），以识别有发生心源性猝死（SCD）风险的运动员。已经制定了心电图解读标准，以解决运动员中高假阳性率带来的问题。精英女子足球运动员的心电图数据有限。本研究的目的是：（1）比较三种已发表的心电图标准（欧洲心脏病学会[ESC]、西雅图、国际标准）在精英女子足球运动员中的心电图结果；（2）比较一个竞技赛季的三个不同阶段的心电图数据。81 名精英女子足球运动员（21±4 岁）完成了医学评估、人体测量学、静息血压和静息 12 导联心电图检查。每一份 12 导联心电图均根据（1）ESC 标准；（2）西雅图标准；（3）国际标准进行解读，以确定与训练相关和非训练相关的心电图变化。在整个竞技赛季中，有 13 名（26±4 岁）足球运动员分三个时间点重复进行静息心电图检查。80%的女性存在与训练相关的心电图模式。窦性心动过缓（65%）和早期复极（42%）最常见。使用 ESC 标准，25%（20/81）的运动员被认为心电图异常，而使用西雅图和国际标准则为 0%，主要是由于 QT 长度标准的改变。整个竞技赛季的心电图数据没有明显的差异。西雅图和国际心电图标准显著减少了精英女子足球运动员中心电图的假阳性数量，而且在一个竞技赛季中进行 PPS 的时间点不太可能改变 PPS 的结果。AMSSM：美国运动医学学会；ANOVA：方差分析；BSA：体表面积；ECG：心电图；ESC：欧洲心脏病学会；FA：足球协会；FIFA：国际足球联合会（FIFA）；F-MARC：国际足联医学评估和研究中心；LAE：左心房增大；LVH：左心室肥厚；PPS：赛前筛查；SCD：心源性猝死。
