Preparation and characterization of biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of Enteromorpha prolifera and corn straw and its potential as a soil amendment.

Single biomass feedstock approach may not meet the requirements for developing biochar with desired characteristics for use as soil amendment. In this study, biochars were prepared by co-pyrolysis of nutrients-rich Enteromorpha prolifera and lignocellulose-rich corn straw (CPECs) at different mass ratios (3:7, 1:1, and 7:3). CPECs presented higher water-soluble N/P contents than corn straw biochar, and exhibited larger surface area, low Na content, and slower nutrient release rate than Enteromorpha prolifera biochar. The modification in physicochemical and properties of CPECs enhanced its potential application as a soil amendment. A pot experiment showed that CPECs derived from co-pyrolysis of appropriate ratios of Enteromorpha prolifera and corn straw (1:1, 7:3) significantly increased the biomass of cherry tomato plant by 64.05%, 40.03% and 81.88%, 55.25%, when compared with corn straw biochar and Enteromorpha prolifera biochar, respectively. The positive effects of CPECs were primarily attributed to improved soil properties (e.g., water holding capacity, soil organic matter, pH, soil nutrients content) and increased total N/P uptake by plants. The results of this work provided potentials of developing "designer" biochars to meet the multiple soil requirements by co-pyrolysis.