University of Oslo, Norway.
Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Norway.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2021 Aug 1;33(9):1956-1975. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_01733.
Anticipation, monitoring, and evaluation of the outcome of one's actions are at the core of proactive control. Individuals with lesions to OFC often demonstrate behaviors that indicate a lack of recognition or concern for the negative effects of their actions. Altered action timing has also been reported in these patients. We investigated the role of OFC in predicting and monitoring the sensory outcomes of self-paced actions. We studied patients with focal OFC lesions (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 20) while they produced actions that infrequently evoked unexpected outcomes. Participants performed a self-paced, random generation task where they repeatedly pressed right and left buttons that were associated with specific sensory outcomes: a 1- and 2-kHz tone, respectively. Occasional unexpected action outcomes occurred (mismatch) that inverted the learned button-tone association (match). We analyzed ERPs to the expected and unexpected outcomes as well as action timing. Neither group showed post-mismatch slowing of button presses, but OFC patients had a higher number of fast button presses, indicating that they were inferior to controls at producing regularly timed actions. Mismatch trials elicited enhanced N2b-P3a responses across groups as indicated by the significant main effect of task condition. Planned within-group analyses showed, however, that patients did not have a significant condition effect, suggesting that the result of the omnibus analysis was driven primarily by the controls. Altogether, our findings indicate that monitoring of action timing and the sensory outcomes of self-paced actions as indexed by ERPs is impacted by OFC damage.
预期、监控和评估自身行为的结果是主动控制的核心。额眶部皮质损伤的个体通常表现出缺乏对自身行为的负面后果的认识或关注的行为。这些患者的行为定时也发生了改变。我们研究了额眶部皮质在预测和监控自我调节行为的感觉结果中的作用。我们研究了 15 名额眶部皮质损伤患者和 20 名健康对照组，在他们进行不常产生意外结果的自我调节行为时。参与者执行一个自我调节、随机生成的任务，他们反复按下与特定感觉结果相关的左右按钮：分别是 1 和 2 千赫的音调。偶尔会出现意想不到的行为结果（不匹配），反转了学习到的按钮-音调关联（匹配）。我们分析了对预期和意外结果以及行为定时的 ERP。两组都没有表现出按钮按下的后匹配减速，但额眶部皮质损伤患者的快速按钮按下次数更多，这表明他们在产生定时的行为方面不如对照组。不匹配试验引起了跨组的增强 N2b-P3a 反应，这表明任务条件的主要效应显著。然而，计划的组内分析表明，患者没有显著的条件效应，这表明整体分析的结果主要是由对照组驱动的。总的来说，我们的发现表明，额眶部皮质损伤会影响自我调节行为的定时和感觉结果的监测，这可以通过 ERP 来测量。
