Sugiura Kei, Shimura Hinako, Hoshino Ayuko
School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology.
Brain Nerve. 2021 Aug;73(8):879-887. doi: 10.11477/mf.1416201855.
Exosomes, small bilayer vesicles secreted by all cells, are recognized as a novel communication tool among distant organs. They can cross the blood-brain barrier and be taken up by specific brain cells, altering the brain microenvironment and possibly playing a role in pathological conditions such as brain metastasis and neurodegenerative diseases. Intestinal bacteria also release small membrane vesicles called "bacterial extracellular vesicles" (BEVs), which can invade blood vessels and affect distant tissues in a manner similar to exosomes, suggesting that BEVs also play a role in disease progression in the brain-gut axis. Here, we will discuss the latest findings of the relationship between exosomes, including BEVs, and multiple brain pathologies.
外泌体是所有细胞分泌的小双层囊泡，被认为是远距离器官之间一种新型的通讯工具。它们能够穿过血脑屏障并被特定的脑细胞摄取，改变脑微环境，并可能在诸如脑转移和神经退行性疾病等病理状况中发挥作用。肠道细菌也会释放被称为“细菌细胞外囊泡”（BEVs）的小膜囊泡，这些囊泡能够以类似于外泌体的方式侵入血管并影响远处组织，这表明BEVs在脑-肠轴的疾病进展中也发挥作用。在此，我们将讨论包括BEVs在内的外泌体与多种脑部病变之间关系的最新研究发现。
