Guay M, Salmoni A W
School of Human Movement, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
Percept Mot Skills. 1987 Dec;65(3):839-46. doi: 10.2466/pms.1987.65.3.839.
The purpose of the present research was to examine proactive interference in general and assimilation effects (i.e., shifts in constant error caused by prior responses) in particular, when subjects used covert counting to aid their retention of the temporal information. Visually presented durations of 1, 4, and 8 sec. were estimated by 18 subjects under the method of reproduction. Three retention intervals (i.e., immediate, 15, and 30 sec.) and three intertrial intervals (i.e., immediate, 15, and 30 sec.) were employed. Analysis of constant error provided no indication that proactive interference was operating in the retention of temporal information as there was no increase in error across trials, no increase in error for longer retention intervals, and no interaction between trials and retention intervals. Also, there was no change in variable error as the retention intervals lengthened for any temporal duration except for the 4-sec. criterion. Finally, the rate of counting (counting units/sec.) was different across the durations to be remembered. The major conclusion of the present research was that counting greatly facilitates retention of temporal information as compared to retention without such a time-aiding strategy.
本研究的目的是检验一般情况下的前摄干扰，特别是同化效应（即先前反应导致的恒定误差的变化），此时受试者使用隐蔽计数来辅助他们对时间信息的记忆。18名受试者采用复制法对视觉呈现的1秒、4秒和8秒时长进行估计。采用了三个保持间隔（即即时、15秒和30秒）和三个试验间隔（即即时、15秒和30秒）。对恒定误差的分析没有表明在前摄干扰在时间信息的记忆中起作用，因为在各次试验中误差没有增加，较长保持间隔的误差没有增加，并且试验和保持间隔之间没有交互作用。此外，除了4秒标准外，对于任何时长，随着保持间隔延长，可变误差没有变化。最后，在要记忆的不同时长中，计数速率（计数单位/秒）有所不同。本研究的主要结论是，与没有这种时间辅助策略的记忆相比，计数极大地促进了时间信息的记忆。
