Guay M, Bourgeois J
Percept Mot Skills. 1981 Jun;52(3):719-26. doi: 10.2466/pms.1981.52.3.719.
The main purpose was to determine the short-term retention characteristics of temporal information when subjects experienced time under a conscious cognitive strategy for time estimation, i.e., subjects were instructed to refrain from employing the time-aiding techniques. Visual time lengths of 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec. were estimated by 12 subjects under the method of reproduction. Three levels of retention interval were used, viz., immediate reproduction, 20 sec. of rest, and 20 sec. of interpolated activity, i.e., counting backwards by threes. The variable error was used to evaluate effects of forgetting. When subjects hold time lengths of 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec. in memory for a period of 20 sec. of rest or 20 sec. of interpolated activity, they become more variable than if they recall the item immediately. The variability between the 20 sec. of rest and the 20 sec. of interpolated activity retention intervals was similar. Two explanations for the lack of an interaction between time lengths and retention interval under the variable error were suggested. The constant error was used as an index of bias. Immediate reproduction of the retention interval had less mean constant error than 20 sec. of rest retention under the 32-sec. time length. The particular result was explained in perceptual terms.
主要目的是确定当受试者在有意识的认知策略下体验时间进行时间估计时（即受试者被指示不采用时间辅助技术），时间信息的短期保持特征。12名受试者采用复制法估计了4秒、8秒、16秒和32秒的视觉时长。使用了三个水平的保持间隔，即即时复制、20秒休息和20秒插入活动（即倒着数三）。用可变误差来评估遗忘的影响。当受试者将4秒、8秒、16秒和32秒的时长在记忆中保持20秒的休息时间或20秒的插入活动时间时，他们比立即回忆该项目时变得更具变异性。20秒休息和20秒插入活动保持间隔之间的变异性相似。针对可变误差下时长和保持间隔之间缺乏交互作用提出了两种解释。恒定误差用作偏差指标。在32秒时长下，保持间隔的即时复制比20秒休息保持的平均恒定误差更小。从感知角度对这一特定结果进行了解释。
