van der Weijden Vera A, Bulut-Karslioglu Aydan
Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jul 27;9:708318. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.708318. eCollection 2021.
The energetically costly mammalian investment in gestation and lactation requires plentiful nutritional sources and thus links the environmental conditions to reproductive success. Flexibility in adjusting developmental timing enhances chances of survival in adverse conditions. Over 130 mammalian species can reversibly pause early embryonic development by switching to a near dormant state that can be sustained for months, a phenomenon called . Lineage-specific cells are retained during diapause, and they proliferate and differentiate upon activation. Studying diapause thus reveals principles of pluripotency and dormancy and is not only relevant for development, but also for regeneration and cancer. In this review, we focus on the molecular regulation of diapause in early mammalian embryos and relate it to maintenance of potency in stem cells . Diapause is established and maintained by active rewiring of the embryonic metabolome, epigenome, and gene expression in communication with maternal tissues. Herein, we particularly discuss factors required at distinct stages of diapause to induce, maintain, and terminate dormancy.
哺乳动物在妊娠和哺乳过程中需要消耗大量能量，这就需要丰富的营养来源，因此将环境条件与繁殖成功联系起来。调整发育时间的灵活性提高了在不利条件下生存的机会。超过130种哺乳动物可以通过切换到一种可以持续数月的近乎休眠状态来可逆地暂停早期胚胎发育，这种现象称为滞育。在滞育期间，特定谱系的细胞得以保留，并且在激活后会增殖和分化。因此，研究滞育揭示了多能性和休眠的原理，不仅与发育相关，也与再生和癌症相关。在这篇综述中，我们聚焦于早期哺乳动物胚胎滞育的分子调控，并将其与干细胞多能性的维持联系起来。滞育是通过胚胎代谢组、表观基因组和基因表达与母体组织相互作用的主动重新布线来建立和维持的。在此，我们特别讨论在滞育不同阶段诱导、维持和终止休眠所需的因素。
