Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» Ministry of Health of Russia.
Klin Lab Diagn. 2021 Aug 13;66(8):502-508. doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-8-502-508.
Corynebacterium spp. - representatives of the normal microflora of the human body, but their role in the development of diseases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients is known. Corynebacterim spp. (C. pseudodiphtheriticum, C. striatum, C. amycolatum, C. accolens, C. argentoratense, etc.) is associated with diseases of the respiratory tract: tracheitis, pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, bronchitis, etc. They can be transmitted by airborne droplets, household contact, and possibly by hematogenic pathways. Corynebacterim spp. toxins do not produce, but are capable of adhesion and invasion, biofilm formation, production of neuraminidase, hyaluronidase, and hemolysin. It is necessary to take into account not so much the species, but the strain affiliation of isolates of Corynebacterium spp., since among the representatives of one species of non-diphtheria corynebacteria (for example, C. pseudodiphtheriticum), colonizing the respiratory tract, there may be strains that can exhibit not only pathogenic properties, but also probiotic activity. Microbiological diagnostics is based on their quantitative determination in biological material, phenotypic (culture study, test systems for biochemical identification, Vitek 2 automated systems) and genotypic (16SpRNA gene sequencing and rpoB) methods. It is possible to use mass spectrometric analysis (MALDI-ToF-MS). The greatest activity against Corynebacterium spp. in vitro studies preserve vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. Successful therapy with at least two of the following antimicrobial agents (AMP) has been reported: vancomycin, rifampicin, linezolid, and daptomycin. The sensitivity of isolates of Corynebacterium spp. to AMP is not related to the species, but is due to strain differences, and therefore it is necessary to test each isolated strain. Continuous monitoring of the sensitivity of Corynebacterium spp. strains to AMP is necessary due to the observed variability of these traits. Of particular importance is the identification of multidrug-resistant isolates that are currently considered highly pathogenic. When compiling the review, the databases Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka, RSCI were used.
棒状杆菌属 - 人体正常微生物群的代表，但它们在免疫功能低下和免疫功能正常的患者中疾病发展中的作用是已知的。棒状杆菌属（C. pseudodiphtheriticum、C. striatum、C. amycolatum、C. accolens、C. argentoratense 等）与呼吸道疾病有关：气管炎、咽炎、鼻窦炎、支气管炎等。它们可以通过空气飞沫、家庭接触以及可能的血源途径传播。棒状杆菌属不产生毒素，但能够黏附和入侵、形成生物膜、产生神经氨酸酶、透明质酸酶和溶血素。需要考虑的不是物种，而是棒状杆菌属分离株的菌株归属，因为在呼吸道定植的非白喉棒状杆菌的一个种（例如，C. pseudodiphtheriticum）的代表中，可能存在不仅表现出致病性，而且还表现出益生菌活性的菌株。微生物学诊断基于其在生物材料中的定量测定，表型（培养研究、生化鉴定测试系统、Vitek 2 自动化系统）和基因型（16SpRNA 基因测序和 rpoB）方法。可以使用质谱分析（MALDI-ToF-MS）。体外研究对棒状杆菌属最具活性的是万古霉素、替考拉宁和利奈唑胺。已报道至少使用以下两种抗菌药物（AMP）进行成功治疗：万古霉素、利福平、利奈唑胺和达托霉素。棒状杆菌属分离株对 AMP 的敏感性与物种无关，而是由于菌株差异所致，因此有必要测试每个分离的菌株。由于这些特性的可变性，有必要对棒状杆菌属菌株对 AMP 的敏感性进行连续监测。特别重要的是识别目前被认为具有高致病性的多药耐药分离株。在编写综述时，使用了 Scopus、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、CyberLeninka、RSCI 数据库。
