Department of Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
Pediatr Nephrol. 2022 Jun;37(6):1245-1261. doi: 10.1007/s00467-021-05182-w. Epub 2021 Aug 13.
Adult nephrologists often look after patients who have been diagnosed with kidney disease in childhood. This does present unique challenges to the adult nephrologist, who may be unfamiliar with the underlying cause of kidney disease as well as the complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that may have accumulated during childhood. This review discusses common causes of childhood CKD, in particular congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), polycystic kidney disease, hereditary stone disease, nephrotic syndrome and atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The long-term consequences of childhood CKD, such as the cardiovascular consequences, cognition and education as well as bone health, nutrition and growth are also discussed.
成人肾病学家通常会照顾那些在儿童时期被诊断出患有肾脏疾病的患者。这确实给成人肾病学家带来了独特的挑战，因为他们可能不熟悉肾脏疾病的根本原因，也不熟悉儿童时期可能积累的慢性肾脏病（CKD）的并发症。本文讨论了儿童 CKD 的常见病因，特别是肾和尿路的先天性异常（CAKUT）、常染色体显性遗传性肾小管间质性肾病（ADTKD）、多囊肾病、遗传性结石病、肾病综合征和非典型溶血尿毒综合征。还讨论了儿童 CKD 的长期后果，如心血管后果、认知和教育以及骨骼健康、营养和生长。
