Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Institute of Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania.
Accid Anal Prev. 2021 Sep;160:106325. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106325. Epub 2021 Aug 12.
Alcohol consumption and psychoactive drug use are well-recognised risk factors for road traffic injuries (RTIs). Both types of use may impair and affect drivers' performance. Yet, there is limited literature on their contribution to RTIs among commercial motorcycle riders, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. This study aimed to determine the association between alcohol consumption, marijuana use and RTIs among commercial motorcycle riders in the city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
We conducted a case-control study between July 2018 and March 2019. Cases (n = 164) were commercial motorcycle riders who had sustained an RTIs and attended at a hospital. Controls (n = 400) were commercial motorcycle riders who had not experienced an RTIs that led to hospital attendance during the past six months. Alcohol consumption was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification (AUDIT) score, which classified participants as a non-drinker, normal drinker(1-7 scores) and risky drinker (scores ≥ 8). Marijuana use was assessed through self-reported use in the past year. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic, driver-, and work-related factors.
Risky drinking was associated with close to six times the odds of RTIs compared to non-drinkers (OR = 5.98, 95% CI: 3.25 - 11.0). The association remained significant even after adjusting for sociodemographic, driving and work-related factors (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.01 - 5.76). The crude odds ratios of RTIs were significantly higher among users of marijuana than non-users (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.38 - 3.95). However, the association did not remain statistically significant after adjusting for confounders (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.49-2.48).
Our findings confirm increased odds of RTIs among commercial motorcycle riders with risky drinking behaviour even after taking sociodemographic, driving and work-related factors into account. Unlike alcohol consumption the relationship between marijuana use and RTIs among commercial motorcycle riders was unclear. Since motorcycle riders are more susceptible to the effect of alcohol due to higher demands of balance and coordination and because commercial motorcyclist riders, in particular, they spend a considerable amount of time on the road, our results underscore the importance of addressing hazardous alcohol consumption and marijuana use in future prevention strategies to enhance road safety.
饮酒和使用精神活性药物是道路交通事故（RTIs）的公认危险因素。这两种类型的使用都可能损害和影响驾驶员的表现。然而，在商业摩托车骑手的 RTIs 中，关于它们的贡献的文献有限，特别是在低收入和中等收入环境中。本研究旨在确定坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆市商业摩托车骑手饮酒和使用大麻与 RTIs 之间的关联。
我们在 2018 年 7 月至 2019 年 3 月期间进行了病例对照研究。病例（n=164）是遭受 RTIs 并在医院就诊的商业摩托车骑手。对照组（n=400）是在过去六个月内没有经历过导致住院的 RTIs 的商业摩托车骑手。使用酒精使用障碍识别量表（AUDIT）评估饮酒情况，该量表将参与者分为非饮酒者、正常饮酒者（1-7 分）和危险饮酒者（得分≥8 分）。大麻使用情况通过过去一年的自我报告使用情况进行评估。我们使用调整了社会人口统计学、驾驶员和工作相关因素的逻辑回归估计了比值比（ORs）。
与非饮酒者相比，危险饮酒者发生 RTIs 的可能性接近六倍（OR=5.98，95%CI：3.25-11.0）。即使在调整了社会人口统计学、驾驶和工作相关因素后，这种关联仍然显著（OR=2.41，95%CI：1.01-5.76）。与非使用者相比，大麻使用者发生 RTIs 的粗比值比显著更高（OR=2.33，95%CI：1.38-3.95）。然而，在调整了混杂因素后，这种关联不再具有统计学意义（OR=1.11，95%CI=0.49-2.48）。
我们的研究结果证实，即使考虑到社会人口统计学、驾驶和工作相关因素，危险饮酒行为的商业摩托车骑手发生 RTIs 的几率也会增加。与饮酒不同，商业摩托车骑手饮酒与 RTIs 之间的关系并不明确。由于摩托车骑手由于平衡和协调的要求更高，因此更容易受到酒精的影响，而且由于商业摩托车骑手，特别是他们在路上花费了相当多的时间，因此我们的研究结果强调了在未来的预防策略中解决危险饮酒和大麻使用的重要性，以提高道路安全。
