Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina temporarily settled in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovo, Serbia.
Afr Health Sci. 2021 Mar;21(1):112-122. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v21i1.16.
Evidence suggests that people who live in regions affected by the armed conflict are more likely to smoke.
The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with smoking status in a sample of students in the northern Kosovo province.
A total of 514 students enrolled in University in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovo, were recruited between April to June 2015 at Student Public Health Center during mandatory health checks. Participants filled in socio-demographic and behavioral questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Based on responses about smoking, students were categorized in non-smokers, former smokers, light smokers (1-13 cigarettes/day) and heavy smokers (> 13 cigarettes/day).
Of 514 students, 116 (22.6%) classified themselves as smokers. Higher education level of fathers (Odds ratio [OR]=2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-6.44, p=0.009), not living with smokers (OR=0.42, 95%CI 0.15-0.97, p=0.017) and longer exposure to second hand smoke (OR=1.07, 95%CI 1.01-1.13, p=0.036) was associated with former smoking. Studying medical and natural sciences (OR=2.07, 95%CI 1.05-4.18, p=0.040), consuming alcohol (OR=2.98, 95%CI 1.19-10.03, p=0.020), living with smokers (OR=2.88, 95%CI 1.49-5.56, p=0.002), longer exposure to second hand smoke (OR=1.06, 95%CI 1.01-1.11, p=0.019) and having a more intense depressive symptoms (OR=1.08, 95%CI 1.03-1.13, p=0.002) was associated with light smoking. Being male (OR=0.22, 95%CI 0.07-0.41, p=0.001), older (OR=1.47, 95%CI 1.21-1.78, p=0.001), living with smokers (OR=3.78, 95%CI 1.69-8.07, p=0.001), longer daily exposure to second-hand smoke (OR=1.10, 95%CI 1.04-1.16, p=0.001), and having more severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.12, 95%CI 1.07-1.18, p=0.001) were associated with heavy smoking.
Smoking prevention and cessation programs should include the entire community, because exposure to environmental second hand smoke may facilitate initiation and more intense smoking. Screening of student smokers for depression should be prioritized in the process of rebuilding the framework for primary and secondary prevention in the post-conflict period.
有证据表明，生活在受武装冲突影响地区的人更有可能吸烟。
本研究旨在评估在科索沃北部省会米特罗维察的大学生样本中与吸烟状况相关的因素。
2015 年 4 月至 6 月期间，在米特罗维察大学学生公共卫生中心进行强制性健康检查时，共招募了科索沃米特罗维察大学的 514 名学生。参与者填写了社会人口和行为问卷以及贝克抑郁量表（BDI）。根据关于吸烟的回答，学生被分为非吸烟者、前吸烟者、轻度吸烟者（每天 1-13 支香烟）和重度吸烟者（每天>13 支香烟）。
514 名学生中，有 116 名（22.6%）自认为是吸烟者。父亲的受教育程度较高（比值比[OR]=2.89，95%置信区间[CI]为 1.30-6.44，p=0.009）、不与吸烟者同住（OR=0.42，95%CI 为 0.15-0.97，p=0.017）和更长时间接触二手烟（OR=1.07，95%CI 为 1.01-1.13，p=0.036）与前吸烟有关。学习医学和自然科学（OR=2.07，95%CI 为 1.05-4.18，p=0.040）、饮酒（OR=2.98，95%CI 为 1.19-10.03，p=0.020）、与吸烟者同住（OR=2.88，95%CI 为 1.49-5.56，p=0.002）、更长时间接触二手烟（OR=1.06，95%CI 为 1.01-1.11，p=0.019）和更严重的抑郁症状（OR=1.08，95%CI 为 1.03-1.13，p=0.002）与轻度吸烟有关。男性（OR=0.22，95%CI 为 0.07-0.41，p=0.001）、年龄较大（OR=1.47，95%CI 为 1.21-1.78，p=0.001）、与吸烟者同住（OR=3.78，95%CI 为 1.69-8.07，p=0.001）、每日接触二手烟时间较长（OR=1.10，95%CI 为 1.04-1.16，p=0.001）和更严重的抑郁症状（OR=1.12，95%CI 为 1.07-1.18，p=0.001）与重度吸烟有关。
预防和戒烟计划应包括整个社区，因为接触环境中的二手烟可能会促进吸烟的开始和更强烈的吸烟行为。在冲突后时期重建初级和二级预防框架的过程中，应优先对学生吸烟者进行抑郁筛查。
