Detection of meningoencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes with ischemic stroke-like onset using metagenomics next-generation sequencing: A case report.

RATIONALE

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a compatible intracellular bacterial pathogen that can invade different mammalian cells and reach the central nervous system (CNS), leading to meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses. In the diagnosis of L. monocytogenes meningoencephalitis (LMM), conventional tests are often reported as negative due to antibiotic therapy or low bacterial content in cerebrospinal fluid. To date, prompt diagnosis and accurate treatment remain a challenge for patients with Listeria infections.

PATIENT CONCERNS

Here, we report a case of a 64-year-old male diagnosed with LMM by using metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS).

DIAGNOSIS

LMM was confirmed by mNGS analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.

INTERVENTIONS

The patient was treated with piperacillin and sensitive antibiotics.

OUTCOMES

The patient could walk independently about 1 month after admission and was discharged from the hospital.

LESSONS

This case highlights the value of mNGS in the diagnosis of LMM and emphasizes the inadequate sensitivity of conventional diagnostic methods for Listeria infection.