Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tubitak Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli, Turkey.
Department of Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1376:119-133. doi: 10.1007/5584_2021_654.
Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous inflammatory airway disease primarily characterized by airway obstruction, which affects up to 15% of the population in Westernized countries with an increasing prevalence. Descriptive laboratory and clinical studies reveal that allergic asthma is due to an immunological inflammatory response and is significantly influenced by an individual's genetic background and environmental factors. Due to the limitations associated with human experiments and tissue isolation, direct mouse models of asthma provide important insights into the disease pathogenesis and in the discovery of novel therapeutics. A wide range of asthma models are currently available, and the correct model system for a given experimental question needs to be carefully chosen. Despite recent advances in the complexity of murine asthma models, for example humanized murine models and the use of clinically relevant allergens, the limitations of the murine system should always be acknowledged, and it remains to be seen if any single murine model can accurately replicate all the clinical features associated with human asthmatic disease.
哮喘是一种复杂且异质性的炎症性气道疾病，主要特征是气道阻塞，在西方工业化国家，其发病率高达 15%，且呈上升趋势。描述性的实验室和临床研究表明，过敏性哮喘是由免疫炎症反应引起的，并且受到个体遗传背景和环境因素的显著影响。由于人类实验和组织分离的局限性，哮喘的直接小鼠模型为疾病发病机制的研究和新型疗法的发现提供了重要的见解。目前有多种哮喘模型，对于特定的实验问题，需要仔细选择合适的模型系统。尽管近年来在小鼠哮喘模型的复杂性方面取得了进展，例如人源化小鼠模型和使用临床相关过敏原，但仍应始终认识到小鼠系统的局限性，而且尚不清楚是否有任何单一的小鼠模型能够准确复制与人类哮喘疾病相关的所有临床特征。
