Troubleshooting Programming of Conduction System Pacing.

Conduction system pacing (CSP) comprises His bundle pacing and left bundle branch area pacing and is rapidly gaining widespread adoption. Effective CSP not only depends on successful system implantation but also on proper device programming. Current implantable impulse generators are not specifically designed for CSP. Either single chamber, dual chamber or CRT devices can be used for CSP depending on the underlying heart rhythm (sinus rhythm or permanent atrial arrhythmia) and the aim of pacing. Different programming issues may arise depending on the device configuration. This article aims to provide an update on practical considerations for His bundle and left bundle branch area pacing programming and follow-up.