Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI, USA.
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 2021;56(13):2026-2034. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1964086. Epub 2021 Aug 17.
Adolescent cannabis use is an established risk factor for the development of psychosis, but the premorbid vulnerability factors and specificity versus generality of the psychotic symptom domains affected in cannabis-psychosis relationships remain incompletely understood. To improve our understanding of these relationships, we used longitudinal data to examine the individual and interactive effects of preadolescent transmissible liability to substance use disorders (SUD), measured the transmissible liability index (TLI), and adolescent cannabis use on the development of two distinct psychotic symptom domains, paranoid and schizotypal personality traits in young adulthood. We performed secondary analysis of data from the Center for Education and Drug Abuse (CEDAR) study, which longitudinally assessed offspring of men with ( = 211) and without ( = 237) lifetime history of SUD at ages 10-12, and across adolescence as they transitioned to young adulthood. TLI scores were calculated at age 10-12, self-reported cannabis use was assessed at age 16, and paranoid and schizotypal symptoms were assessed at age 19. Cannabis use at age 16 and family history of SUD were significantly associated with paranoid and schizotypal symptoms at age 19, but TLI scores were not. The interactive effect of TLI x cannabis use was also not significant. Paranoid and schizotypal symptoms showed different dose-dependent sensitivities to cannabis exposure at age 16. These findings indicate that adolescent cannabis use and family history of SUD differentially contribute to the development of paranoid and schizotypal personality traits through mechanisms that do not include behavioral disinhibition.
青少年大麻使用是精神分裂症发展的既定风险因素，但发病前易感性因素以及大麻与精神分裂症关系中受影响的精神病症状领域的特异性与普遍性仍不完全清楚。为了更好地理解这些关系，我们使用纵向数据研究了青少年前可传播的物质使用障碍易感性（用可传播易感性指数 TLI 衡量）和青少年大麻使用对两个不同的精神病症状领域，即成年早期偏执型和分裂型人格特质发展的单独和交互影响。我们对 CEDAR 研究的数据进行了二次分析，该研究纵向评估了有（ = 211）和没有（ = 237）终生物质使用障碍史的男性的后代在 10-12 岁时以及在青少年时期过渡到成年早期时的情况。TLI 分数在 10-12 岁时计算，大麻使用在 16 岁时自我报告，偏执和分裂型症状在 19 岁时评估。16 岁时的大麻使用和物质使用障碍家族史与 19 岁时的偏执和分裂型症状显著相关，但 TLI 分数没有。TLI x 大麻使用的交互作用也不显著。偏执和分裂型症状对 16 岁时的大麻暴露表现出不同的剂量依赖性敏感性。这些发现表明，青少年大麻使用和物质使用障碍家族史通过不包括行为抑制的机制，对偏执型和分裂型人格特质的发展有不同的贡献。
