Dwibedi Sanat Kumar, Sahu Sanjat Kumar, Pandey Vimal Chandra, Rout Kumbha Karna, Behera Manorama
College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
Post-Graduation Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Feb;45(2):319-332. doi: 10.1007/s10653-021-01074-y. Epub 2021 Aug 17.
Fly ash is an inevitable by-product from the coal-fired power plants in many developing countries including India that needs safe, timely and productive disposal. The addition of fly ash alters physicochemical properties of soil and hence could be used as a soil conditioner or modifier along with the appropriate level of vermicompost to support plant growth. Several studies have focalized sole use of fly ash and vermicompost in agricultural production systems lacking information on combined application effects. This work was carried out at Chiplima in the district of Sambalpur, Odisha, India, to ascertain the best suited combination of native soil, fly ash and vermicompost (from farmyard manure) for rice nursery based on the changing physicochemical properties and seedling growth. The experiment consisting of 21 treatment combinations of soil, fly ash and vermicompost at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% by weight was laid out in a factorial complete randomized design with three replications. Fly ash and vermicompost at moderate concentrations significantly ameliorated the physical properties, viz., porosity, bulk and particle densities, water holding capacity, infiltration rate and the capillary rise of water in rice nursery soil that ultimately resulted in vigorous rice seedlings at 40 DAS through beneficial soil biota as well as better root and shoot development. The porosity, water holding capacity and infiltration rate significantly increased with the addition of vermicompost while fly ash addition substantially reduced them. Fly ash and vermicompost in moderate quantities smothered soil chemical properties like electrical conductivity and organic carbon that increased the availability of N, P, K, B, S and Zn. The pH did not differ significantly due to treatment effects owing to a marginal difference in pH of the substrates, whereas electrical conductivity increased significantly with only marginal addition of fly ash to vermicompost. Considering the economic feasibility and environmental impacts, 40% soil + 20% fly ash + 40% vermicompost may be recommend to the farmers for wet rice nursery raising and also for remediating the coal fly ash in agricultural production system.
在包括印度在内的许多发展中国家，粉煤灰是燃煤发电厂不可避免的副产品，需要安全、及时且有效地进行处置。添加粉煤灰会改变土壤的物理化学性质，因此可与适量的蚯蚓堆肥一起用作土壤改良剂，以支持植物生长。多项研究聚焦于在农业生产系统中单独使用粉煤灰和蚯蚓堆肥，而缺乏关于两者联合施用效果的信息。本研究在印度奥里萨邦桑巴尔布尔区的奇普利马开展，旨在根据土壤物理化学性质的变化和幼苗生长情况，确定最适合水稻育苗的天然土壤、粉煤灰和蚯蚓堆肥（来自农家肥）的组合。试验设置了21种土壤、粉煤灰和蚯蚓堆肥的处理组合，按重量计分别为0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%，采用析因完全随机设计，重复三次。中等浓度的粉煤灰和蚯蚓堆肥显著改善了水稻育苗土壤的物理性质，即孔隙度、容重和颗粒密度、持水能力、渗透率以及水分毛管上升，最终通过有益的土壤生物群落以及更好的根系和地上部发育，在移栽后40天培育出健壮的水稻幼苗。添加蚯蚓堆肥后，孔隙度、持水能力和渗透率显著增加，而添加粉煤灰则使其大幅降低。适量的粉煤灰和蚯蚓堆肥调节了土壤化学性质，如电导率和有机碳，增加了氮、磷、钾、硼、硫和锌的有效性。由于基质的pH值差异不大，处理效果导致pH值无显著差异，而仅向蚯蚓堆肥中少量添加粉煤灰，电导率就显著增加。考虑到经济可行性和环境影响，对于湿稻育苗以及农业生产系统中粉煤灰的修复，可向农民推荐40%土壤 + 20%粉煤灰 + 40%蚯蚓堆肥的组合。
