Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2022 May 6;12(1):7437. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11555-4.
In recent decades, the over-use of chemical fertilizers has imposed many environmental challenges worldwide. Nowadays, organic fertilizers such as vermicompost and livestock manure have gained a huge interest in sustainable agricultural systems. A 2-year field research was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design to assay the fertilizer and humic acid (HA) efficiency on the growth responses and essential oil composition of Coriandrum sativum. The treatments were different fertilizer sources (livestock manure, vermicompost, and chemical fertilizers) and humic acid fertigation before and at the beginning of the flowering stage. The highest protein content was observed under vermicompost × HA application before flowering (0.118 μmol L and 0.128 μmol L, respectively). Moreover, the co-application of organic fertilizers × HA at the beginning of flowering resulted in a significant increase in the photosynthetic pigments and N, P, K, Fe, Zn, and Mn content. According to the GC-FID and GC-MS analysis, linalool (55.91-63.19%), γ-terpinene (4.65-6.13%), α-pinene (2.64-5.74%), geranyl acetate (3.49-5.51%), 2-dodecanal (2.92-4.46%), menthol (1.33-3.90%), p-cymene (1.73-2.24%), and geraniol (1.25-2.15%) were the main essential oil constituents. The top linalool content was obtained by using chemical fertilizers and vermicompost × HA at the flowering onset stage. In general, the results revealed that chemical fertilizers could be replaced with vermicompost × HA and their co-application positively influenced the growth responses and the essential oil composition of coriander. Furthermore, the results obtained would be advisable to the extension section and the pioneer farmers to amend the large-scale production systems in favor of environmental health.
近几十年来，化肥的过度使用给全球带来了许多环境挑战。如今，蚯蚓粪和牲畜粪便等有机肥料在可持续农业系统中受到了极大关注。本研究采用完全随机区组设计，进行了为期 2 年的田间试验，以评估肥料和腐植酸（HA）对芫荽生长响应和精油组成的影响。处理为不同的肥料来源（牲畜粪便、蚯蚓粪和化肥）和开花前和开花初期的腐植酸施肥。在开花前，施用蚯蚓粪 × HA 处理可显著提高蛋白质含量（分别为 0.118 μmol/L 和 0.128 μmol/L）。此外，开花初期有机肥 × HA 的共同施用可显著增加光合色素和 N、P、K、Fe、Zn 和 Mn 的含量。根据 GC-FID 和 GC-MS 分析，芳樟醇（55.91-63.19%）、γ-萜品烯（4.65-6.13%）、α-蒎烯（2.64-5.74%）、乙酸香叶酯（3.49-5.51%）、2-十二醛（2.92-4.46%）、薄荷醇（1.33-3.90%）、对伞花烃（1.73-2.24%）和香叶醇（1.25-2.15%）是主要的精油成分。开花初期施用化肥和蚯蚓粪 × HA 可获得最高的芳樟醇含量。总的来说，结果表明，化学肥料可以被蚯蚓粪 × HA 替代，并且它们的共同施用可以积极影响芫荽的生长响应和精油组成。此外，研究结果将为推广部门和先锋农民提供有益的建议，以改善大规模生产系统，有利于环境健康。
