Kokturk Mine, Yıldırım Serkan, Nas Mehmet Salih, Ozhan Gunes, Atamanalp Muhammed, Bolat Ismail, Calimli Mehmet Harbi, Alak Gonca
Department of Organic Agriculture Management, College of Applied Sciences, Iğdır University, TR-76000, Iğdır, Turkey.
Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, TR-25030, Erzurum, Turkey.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022 Jun;200(6):2897-2907. doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02855-3. Epub 2021 Aug 17.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are prominent nanomaterials that are efficiently used in different industries including medical products, water treatment, and cosmetics. However, AgNPs are known to cause adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health. In this study, aqueous extract of Rumex patientia (RP) was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in AgNP biosynthesis. The obtained activated carbon (AC) from Chenopodium album (CA) plant was combined with RP-AgNPs to synthesize RP-Ag/AC NPs. Next, the effects of these green synthesis RP-Ag/AC NPs on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae were investigated. First, we characterized the RP-Ag/AC NPs by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and determined LC value as 217.23 mg/L at 96 h. Next, the alterations in survival rate, hatching rate, and morphology of the larvae at 96 h were monitored. The survival rates decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Morphological defects such as yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, spinal curvature, and tail malformation in the NP-treated larvae were observed. RP-Ag/AC NPs stimulated the production of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and 8-OHdG in zebrafish brain tissues in a dose-dependent manner and enhanced neutrophil degeneration and necrosis at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L. Thus, the obtained data suggest that the green synthesis process is not sufficient to reduce the effect of oxidative stress caused by AgNPs on oxidative signaling.
银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）是重要的纳米材料，被广泛应用于包括医疗产品、水处理和化妆品在内的不同行业。然而，已知AgNPs会对生态系统和人类健康造成不利影响。在本研究中，皱叶酸模（RP）的水提取物被用作AgNP生物合成中的还原剂和稳定剂。将从藜（CA）植物中获得的活性炭（AC）与RP-AgNPs结合，合成RP-Ag/AC NPs。接下来，研究了这些绿色合成的RP-Ag/AC NPs对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）胚胎和幼体的影响。首先，我们使用X射线衍射（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对RP-Ag/AC NPs进行了表征，并确定在96小时时的LC值为217.23 mg/L。接下来，监测了96小时时幼体的存活率、孵化率和形态变化。存活率呈剂量依赖性下降。在NP处理的幼体中观察到了诸如卵黄囊水肿、心包水肿、脊柱弯曲和尾部畸形等形态缺陷。RP-Ag/AC NPs以剂量依赖性方式刺激斑马鱼脑组织中神经元型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）和8-羟基脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）的产生，并在50和100 mg/L的浓度下增强中性粒细胞的变性和坏死。因此，获得的数据表明，绿色合成过程不足以降低AgNPs对氧化信号传导引起的氧化应激的影响。
