Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Education city, Doha, Qatar.
Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Education city, Doha, Qatar.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021 Oct;265:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.08.009. Epub 2021 Aug 11.
Immunization is a fundamental component of preventive healthcare. This gain special significance in pregnancy. Maternal antigen-specific IgG, is actively transported across the placenta during pregnancy. This significantly, contributes to infant immunity in the first few months of life. Vaccination during pregnancy has the potential to indirectly protect the most vulnerable infants during the first few months of life, when vaccine responses are generally poor and it is difficult to achieve rapid protection through immunization. This is especially relevant when there is prior exposure to infection in woman or vaccine administration. A vaccine given during pregnancy in these women would result in a booster response and a relatively high level of IgG protecting their children in initial few months of life. Passive antibody transfer from mother to fetus can protect fetuses from infection until their own immunization schedule is initiated. Lack of administration of appropriate vaccination to women during pregnancy lead to an increase in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality from preventable infections like influenza, pertussis. Various preventable infections can lead to intensive care unit admission for mothers, preterm birth, and low birth weight babies. Recent covid pandemic has brought issue of vaccine use in pregnancy at forefront of all expectant mothers. Immunization with inactivated virus, bacterial vaccine and toxoids showed no evidence of adverse fetal effects. As a rule, live attenuated vaccines are not recommended in pregnancy. This paper gives snapshot of all vaccines, which can be used in pregnancy along with brief details regards various bacterial and viral infections , their common clinical features and effects on pregnancy outcome as well as fetus. This is will provide a useful guide for healthcare providers.
免疫接种是预防保健的一个基本组成部分。这在怀孕期间尤为重要。母体抗原特异性 IgG 在怀孕期间被主动转运穿过胎盘。这极大地促进了婴儿在生命最初几个月的免疫力。在怀孕期间接种疫苗有可能间接地保护生命最初几个月内最脆弱的婴儿，因为此时疫苗反应通常较差，并且难以通过免疫接种迅速实现保护。当女性先前接触过感染或接种疫苗时，这一点尤其相关。在这些女性中，在怀孕期间接种疫苗会导致增强反应，并产生相对较高水平的 IgG，从而在生命最初几个月内保护其子女。抗体从母亲被动转移到胎儿可以保护胎儿免受感染，直到开始他们自己的免疫接种计划。怀孕期间未能对妇女进行适当的疫苗接种会导致可预防感染（如流感、百日咳）导致母婴发病率和死亡率增加。各种可预防感染会导致母亲入住重症监护病房、早产和低出生体重婴儿。最近的新冠大流行使怀孕期间疫苗使用问题成为所有孕妇关注的焦点。灭活病毒、细菌疫苗和类毒素的免疫接种没有显示出对胎儿有不良影响的证据。通常情况下，不建议在怀孕期间使用减毒活疫苗。本文概述了所有可在怀孕期间使用的疫苗，并简要介绍了各种细菌和病毒感染及其常见的临床特征和对妊娠结局以及胎儿的影响。这将为医疗保健提供者提供有用的指南。
