Alghamdi Eman A, Albalawi Omar M, Alshammari Thamir M
Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Pharm J. 2021 Aug;29(8):799-806. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.06.001. Epub 2021 Jun 12.
Health outcomes and policies is a growing areas that is needed in the healthcare culture. This study aimed to examine the availability, extent and type of teaching curricula (pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacovigilance, patient safety) in Arab countries.
A retrospective observational study was conducted during the period of November 2019 to January 2020. The collection strategy was performed by listing of pharmacy colleges in each country and then reviewing the institutions' websites that met the inclusion criteria. Five criteria were utilized to assess the availability of these courses: full-time mandatory, full-time elective, partial mandatory, partial elective, and not offered.
One hundred ninety-one academic institutions were screened during the study period. Of those, 151 (79.1%) institutions were included in the study and their curricular descriptions were retrieved from their electronic websites. Pharmacoeconomics was the most taught subject among the four subjects. It was offered in 89/151 of the colleges among Arab countries. Among these 89 colleges that offered pharmacoeconomics, 74/89 offered it as a mandatory. While, Pharmacoepidemiology was offered in 51 colleges, with 44/51 offering the subject as a mandatory, and 6 out of those 44 list it as a full-time mandatory, while 38 out of those 44 offer it as a partially mandatory. Only 22 of the colleges offered pharmacovigilance, with 14/22 offering the subject as a mandatory. Finally, there was only one institution that offers the subject of patient safety. Moreover, most of the four courses investigated are only taught in the final two years of study.
The study found a clear shortcoming in the teaching pharmaceutical outcomes. More efforts are needed by academic institutions to adopt and teach these subjects to ensure they meet the work needs and advanced pharmacy practice transformation.
健康结果与政策是医疗文化中一个不断发展的领域。本研究旨在调查阿拉伯国家教学课程（药物经济学、药物流行病学、药物警戒、患者安全）的可用性、范围和类型。
在2019年11月至2020年1月期间进行了一项回顾性观察研究。收集策略是通过列出每个国家的药学院，然后审查符合纳入标准的机构网站来进行的。使用五个标准来评估这些课程的可用性：全日制必修课、全日制选修课、部分必修课、部分选修课和未开设。
在研究期间筛选了191个学术机构。其中，151个（79.1%）机构被纳入研究，并从其电子网站上检索了课程描述。药物经济学是这四门课程中授课最多的科目。它在阿拉伯国家的89/151所学院中开设。在这89所开设药物经济学的学院中，74/89将其作为必修课。而药物流行病学在51所学院开设，其中44/51将该科目作为必修课，在这44所中，有6所将其列为全日制必修课，而在这44所中有38所将其作为部分必修课。只有22所学院开设了药物警戒，其中14/22将该科目作为必修课。最后，只有一个机构开设了患者安全科目。此外，所调查的四门课程大多只在学习的最后两年讲授。
该研究发现药学结果教学存在明显不足。学术机构需要做出更多努力来采用和教授这些科目，以确保它们满足工作需求和推进药学实践转型。
