Ohanian Diana M, Kritikos Tessa K, Clark Olivia E, Shirkey Kezia C, Starnes Meredith, Holmbeck Grayson N
Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
Department of Psychology, North Park University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Aug 2;12:682169. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682169. eCollection 2021.
It is well established that youth with chronic conditions experience elevated levels of stress; the manner in which they respond to or cope with this stress is likely to impact both health and psychosocial outcomes. The current study examined stress and coping in youth and young adults with spina bifida (SB) using the response to stress questionnaire-SB version (RSQ-SB; Connor-Smith et al., 2000).
Data were collected as part of a camp-based psychosocial intervention for children (ages 7-13), adolescents (ages 14-19), and young adults (ages 20-38) with SB. Participants completed the RSQ-SB as well as questionnaires assessing demographics and condition severity. Data were collected prior to camp (T1) and 1 month (T2) after camp ended. Self-report data were collected from adolescents and young adults; parents of children and adolescents reported on their child's stress and coping. Ratios of primary control coping, secondary control coping, disengagement coping, involuntary engagement, and involuntary disengagement coping were calculated. Descriptive statistics and -tests were utilized to describe coping and stress responses and to determine potential change over time. -tests were also used to compare youth and parent reported coping styles with those of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and sickle cell disease (SCD). Associations between demographic/disease factors and coping styles were also examined.
Parent and youth report indicated that youth with SB tend to use primary control coping. Youth with SB use more primary control coping and less disengagement coping compared to youth with SCD and youth with T1D. Few significant changes in coping were found between T1 and T2. IQ and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with coping styles.
Youth with SB use more primary control coping compared to other coping methods and as compared to other pediatric populations. Future studies should examine mechanisms by which primary control coping is advantageous for youth with SB. Future interventions should be more focused on promoting adaptive coping behaviors and be tailored to developmental age and access to resources.
众所周知，患有慢性病的青少年承受着更高水平的压力；他们应对或处理这种压力的方式可能会影响健康和心理社会结果。本研究使用应激反应问卷脊柱裂版本（RSQ-SB；Connor-Smith等人，2000年），对患有脊柱裂（SB）的青少年和青年的压力与应对方式进行了研究。
数据收集是针对患有SB的儿童（7至13岁）、青少年（14至19岁）和青年（20至38岁）开展的一项基于营地的心理社会干预的一部分。参与者完成了RSQ-SB以及评估人口统计学和病情严重程度的问卷。数据在营地开始前（T1）和营地结束后1个月（T2）收集。青少年和青年通过自我报告收集数据；儿童和青少年的父母报告其孩子的压力和应对方式。计算了主要控制应对、次要控制应对、脱离应对、非自愿参与和非自愿脱离应对的比例。使用描述性统计和t检验来描述应对方式和应激反应，并确定随时间的潜在变化。t检验还用于比较青少年及其父母报告的应对方式与1型糖尿病（T1D）和镰状细胞病（SCD）青少年的应对方式。还研究了人口统计学/疾病因素与应对方式之间的关联。
父母和青少年的报告表明，患有SB的青少年倾向于使用主要控制应对方式。与患有SCD和T1D的青少年相比，患有SB的青少年更多地使用主要控制应对方式，更少地使用脱离应对方式。在T1和T2之间，应对方式几乎没有显著变化。智商和社会经济地位与应对方式显著相关。
与其他应对方法相比，以及与其他儿科人群相比，患有SB的青少年更多地使用主要控制应对方式。未来的研究应探讨主要控制应对方式对患有SB的青少年有利的机制。未来的干预措施应更侧重于促进适应性应对行为，并根据发育年龄和资源获取情况进行调整。
