Donnelly Rachel, Schoenbachler Adam
Vanderbilt University, United States.
SSM Popul Health. 2021 Aug 8;15:100891. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100891. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Part-time work is a common work arrangement in the United States that can be precarious, insecure, and lacking opportunities for advancement. In turn, part-time work, especially involuntary part-time work, tends to be associated with worse health outcomes. Although prior research documents heterogeneity in the health consequences of precarious work across countries, we do not know whether state-level institutional contexts shape the association between part-time work and self-rated health in the United States. Using data from the Current Population Survey (2009-2019; = 813,077), the present study examined whether linkages between part-time work and self-rated health are moderated by state-level social policies and contexts. At the population level, we document differences in the prevalence of fair/poor health among part-time workers across states. For instance, 21% of involuntary part-time workers reported fair/poor health in West Virginia compared to 7% of involuntary part-time workers in Massachusetts. Findings also provide evidence that voluntary (β =.51) and involuntary (β=.57) part-time work is associated with greater odds of fair/poor health among individuals. Moreover, the association between voluntary part-time work and self-rated health is weaker for individuals living in states with higher amounts for maximum unemployment insurance, higher minimum wage, and lower income inequality. State-level policies did not moderate the association between involuntary part-time work and health. The present study points to the need to mitigate the health consequences of part-time work with social policies that enhance the health of workers.
兼职工作在美国是一种常见的工作安排，但可能不稳定、缺乏保障且晋升机会有限。相应地，兼职工作，尤其是非自愿兼职工作，往往与较差的健康状况相关。尽管先前的研究记录了不稳定工作对健康的影响在不同国家存在异质性，但我们并不清楚美国州一级的制度背景是否会影响兼职工作与自评健康之间的关联。本研究利用当前人口调查（2009 - 2019年；样本量 = 813,077）的数据，检验了兼职工作与自评健康之间的联系是否受到州一级社会政策和背景的调节。在总体层面，我们记录了各州兼职工作者中健康状况为一般/较差的比例差异。例如，西弗吉尼亚州21%的非自愿兼职工作者报告健康状况为一般/较差，而马萨诸塞州这一比例为7%。研究结果还表明，自愿兼职（β = 0.51）和非自愿兼职（β = 0.57）工作的个体健康状况为一般/较差的几率更高。此外，对于居住在最高失业保险金额较高、最低工资较高且收入不平等程度较低的州的个体，自愿兼职工作与自评健康之间的关联较弱。州一级政策并未调节非自愿兼职工作与健康之间的关联。本研究指出，需要通过旨在改善工人健康状况的社会政策来减轻兼职工作对健康的影响。
