College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108,
Select Genetics, Willmar, Minnesota 56201.
Avian Dis. 2021 Jun;65(2):303-309. doi: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-20-00132.
Artificial insemination is a routine practice for turkeys that can introduce pathogens into breeder flocks in a variety of ways. In this manuscript, a risk analysis on the potential transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) to naïve hens through artificial insemination is presented. A case of HPAI on a stud farm where the potential transmission of the virus to susceptible hens in the 2015 H5N2 HPAI outbreak in Minnesota is described along with documentation of known and potential transmission pathways from the case. The pathways by which artificial insemination might result in the spread of HPAI to susceptible hens were determined by considering which could result in the 1) entry of HPAI virus onto a premises through semen movement; and 2) exposure of susceptible hens to HPAI as a result of this movement. In the reported case, HPAI virus was detected in semen from infected toms, however, transmission of HPAI to naïve hens through semen is unclear since the infectious dose is not known. This means that the early detection of infection might limit but not eliminate the risk of hen exposure. Because of the numerous potential pathways of spread and the close contact with the birds, it is highly likely that if semen from an HPAI-infected tom flock is used, there will be spread of the virus to naïve hens through insemination. If insemination occurs with semen from stud farms in an HPAI control area, receiving hen farms should have restricted movements to prevent outbreak spread in the event that they become infected.
人工授精是火鸡的常规做法，它可以通过多种方式将病原体引入种鸡群。在本手稿中，对通过人工授精将高致病性禽流感（HPAI）潜在传播给初产母鸡进行了风险分析。本文描述了在明尼苏达州 2015 年 H5N2 HPAI 暴发期间种鸡场发生 HPAI 的情况，并记录了已知和潜在的传播途径。通过考虑以下两种途径，确定了人工授精可能导致 HPAI 传播给易感母鸡的途径：1）病毒通过精液运动进入场所；2）易感母鸡因这种运动而接触 HPAI。在报告的病例中，从感染公鸡的精液中检测到了 HPAI 病毒，但是否通过精液将 HPAI 传播给初产母鸡尚不清楚，因为感染剂量未知。这意味着早期检测感染可能会限制但不能消除母鸡接触的风险。由于传播的潜在途径众多，且与鸟类的密切接触，因此，如果使用来自感染 HPAI 公鸡群的精液进行人工授精，病毒很可能会传播给初产母鸡。如果在 HPAI 控制区的种鸡场进行人工授精，那么接收母鸡的农场应限制活动，以防感染后暴发传播。
