Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2021 Summer;70(2):118-130.
Borrelia miyamotoi is an emerging tick-borne pathogen phylogenetically belonging to spirochaetes causing relapsing fever. It is primarily transmitted by ticks from the Ixodes ricinus complex, similarly to borreliae causing Lyme borreliosis. Small rodents can serve as reservoir hosts. It is widespread in mild climate areas of the northern hemisphere, with constant low prevalence in ticks, in the range of units of percent. To date more than 200 human cases have been described including five cases of meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Clinical features of illness are non-specific, characterized by fever, fatigue, chills, headaches, muscles and joint pains. It can be treated with antibiotics. The diagnostic approach includes mainly PCR and serological methods. This review summarizes current knowledge on B. miyamotoi with an emphasis on taxonomy, ecology of vectors and reservoir hosts, geographical distribution, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The review also highlights the need for an accurate determination of the etiology of the disease and its differentiation from Lyme borreliosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis.
伯氏疏螺旋体是一种新兴的蜱传病原体，在系统发生上属于螺旋体，可引起回归热。它主要通过硬蜱属（Ixodes ricinus 复合体）传播，与引起莱姆病的伯氏疏螺旋体相似。小型啮齿动物可以作为储存宿主。它广泛分布于北半球气候温和地区，蜱中的流行率一直很低，单位为百分比。迄今为止，已经描述了超过 200 例人类病例，包括 5 例免疫功能低下患者的脑膜炎病例。疾病的临床特征是非特异性的，表现为发热、疲劳、寒战、头痛、肌肉和关节疼痛。它可以用抗生素治疗。诊断方法主要包括 PCR 和血清学方法。本文综述了伯氏疏螺旋体的最新知识，重点介绍了其分类学、媒介和储存宿主的生态学、地理分布、疾病的诊断和治疗。本文还强调了准确确定病因及其与莱姆病和人类粒细胞埃立克体病的区别的必要性。
