Gao Yang, Nepal Narayan, Jin Shi-Zhu
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2021 Dec;20(6):521-529. doi: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.07.011. Epub 2021 Aug 10.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide issue. However, the current treatment for hepatitis C has many shortcomings. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors involved in HCV infection, and an increasing number of studies are focusing on the role of TLRs in the progression of hepatitis C.
We performed a PubMed search up to January 2021 with the following keywords: hepatitis C, toll-like receptors, interferons, inflammation, and immune evasion. We also used terms such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), susceptibility, fibrosis, cirrhosis, direct-acting antiviral agents, agonists, and antagonists to supplement the query results. We reviewed relevant publications analyzing the correlation between hepatitis C and TLRs and the role of TLRs in HCV infection.
TLRs 1-4 and 6-9 are involved in the process of HCV infection. When the host is exposed to the HCV, TLRs, as important participants in HCV immune evasion, trigger innate immunity to remove the virus and also promote inflammation and liver fibrosis. TLR gene SNPs affect hepatitis C susceptibility, treatment, and prognosis. The contribution of each TLR to HCV is different. Drugs targeting various TLRs are developed and validated, and TLRs can synergize with classic hepatitis C drugs, including interferon and direct-acting antiviral agents, constituting a new direction for the treatment of hepatitis C.
TLRs are important receptors in HCV infection. Different TLRs induce different mechanisms of virus clearance and inflammatory response. Although TLR-related antiviral therapy strategies exist, more studies are needed to explore the clinical application of TLR-related drugs.
丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染是一个全球性问题。然而，目前丙型肝炎的治疗存在诸多不足。Toll样受体（TLRs）是参与HCV感染的模式识别受体，越来越多的研究聚焦于TLRs在丙型肝炎进展中的作用。
我们在2021年1月之前使用以下关键词在PubMed上进行了检索：丙型肝炎、Toll样受体、干扰素、炎症和免疫逃逸。我们还使用了单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）、易感性、纤维化、肝硬化、直接作用抗病毒药物、激动剂和拮抗剂等术语来补充查询结果。我们回顾了分析丙型肝炎与TLRs之间相关性以及TLRs在HCV感染中作用的相关出版物。
TLRs 1-4和6-9参与HCV感染过程。当宿主暴露于HCV时，TLRs作为HCV免疫逃逸的重要参与者，触发固有免疫以清除病毒，同时也促进炎症和肝纤维化。TLR基因单核苷酸多态性影响丙型肝炎的易感性、治疗和预后。每种TLR对HCV的作用各不相同。针对各种TLRs的药物已被研发和验证，并且TLRs可与经典的丙型肝炎药物（包括干扰素和直接作用抗病毒药物）协同作用，构成丙型肝炎治疗的新方向。
TLRs是HCV感染中的重要受体。不同的TLRs诱导不同的病毒清除机制和炎症反应。尽管存在与TLR相关的抗病毒治疗策略，但仍需要更多研究来探索与TLR相关药物的临床应用。
