Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh.
Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 13;23(10):5475. doi: 10.3390/ijms23105475.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health burden, causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signaling to induce proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. An increasing number of studies have suggested the importance of TLR responses in the outcome of HCV infection. However, the exact role of innate immune responses, including TLR response, in controlling chronic HCV infection remains to be established. A proper understanding of the TLR response in HCV infection is essential for devising new therapeutic approaches against HCV infection. In this review, we discuss the progress made in our understanding of the host innate immune response to HCV infection, with a particular focus on the TLR response. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms adopted by HCV to avoid immune surveillance mediated by TLRs.
丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染仍然是一个重大的全球健康负担，导致慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌。Toll 样受体（TLR）是进化上保守的模式识别受体，可检测病原体相关分子模式，并激活下游信号转导，诱导促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的产生。越来越多的研究表明，TLR 反应在 HCV 感染的结果中很重要。然而，先天免疫反应，包括 TLR 反应，在控制慢性 HCV 感染中的确切作用仍有待确定。正确理解 HCV 感染中的 TLR 反应对于制定针对 HCV 感染的新治疗方法至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了对 HCV 感染中宿主先天免疫反应的理解进展，特别关注 TLR 反应。此外，我们还讨论了 HCV 采用的逃避 TLR 介导的免疫监视的机制。
