Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Aug 22;37(9):158. doi: 10.1007/s11274-021-03124-0.
The estimated global population growth of 81 million people per year, combined with increased rates of urbanization and associated industrial processes, result in volumes of high strength ammonia wastewater that cannot be treated in a cost-effective or sustainable manner using the floc-based conventional activated sludge approach of nitrification and denitrification. Biofilm and aerobic granular sludge technologies have shown promise to significantly improve the performance of biological nitrogen removal systems treating high strength wastewater. This is partly due to enhanced biomass retention and their ability to sustain diverse microbial populations with juxtaposing growth requirements. Recent research has also demonstrated the value of hybrid systems with heterogeneous bioaggregates to mitigate biofilm and granule instability during long-term operation. In the context of high strength ammonia wastewater treatment, conventional nitrification-denitrification is hampered by high energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Anammox-based processes such as partial nitritation-anammox and partial denitrification-anammox represent more cost-effective and sustainable methods of removing reactive nitrogen from wastewater. There is also growing interest in the use of photosynthetic bacteria for ammonia recovery from high strength waste streams, such that nitrogen can be captured and concentrated in its reactive form and recycled into high value products. The purpose of this review is to explore recent advancements and emerging approaches related to high strength ammonia wastewater treatment.
全球每年预计有 8100 万人的人口增长，加上城市化率的提高以及相关的工业进程，导致大量高强度氨废水无法以经济有效的方式进行处理，也无法使用基于絮凝的传统硝化反硝化活性污泥法进行处理。生物膜和好氧颗粒污泥技术已被证明可以显著提高处理高强度废水的生物脱氮系统的性能。这在一定程度上是由于增强了生物量的保留能力，以及它们维持具有毗邻生长要求的多样化微生物种群的能力。最近的研究还表明，混合具有异质生物聚集体的系统具有价值，可以缓解长期运行过程中生物膜和颗粒的不稳定性。在高强度氨废水处理方面，传统的硝化反硝化受到高能源成本和温室气体排放的阻碍。基于厌氧氨氧化的工艺，如部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化和部分反硝化-厌氧氨氧化，是从废水中去除活性氮的更具成本效益和可持续的方法。人们也越来越关注利用光合细菌从高强度废水中回收氨，以便将氮以其活性形式捕获并浓缩，并循环到高价值产品中。本综述旨在探讨高强度氨废水处理的最新进展和新兴方法。
