Nasirzadeh Nafiseh, Mohammadian Yousef, Dehgan Golnoush
Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Science, 5165665931, Tabriz, Iran.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022 Apr;200(4):1551-1560. doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02789-w. Epub 2021 Aug 22.
Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr) has reported in different industries. The Cr has the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was to provide a meta-analysis and health risk assessment of occupational exposure to Cr in Iranian workplaces. Databases including Scopus, Web of Sciences (WOS), and Scientific Information Database (SID), as a national database, were searched from 2000 to February 2021. The related studies to occupational exposure to Cr were selected by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Lung cancer and non-cancer risk (nasal mucosal irritation, atrophy, and perforation) of Cr were estimated by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method, based on the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Also, the results of spirometry and biomonitoring of previous studies were reviewed. We found 14 articles based on inclusion criteria. Pooled concentration of Cr was estimated 0.037 ± 0.002 mg/m which was higher than the recommended exposure limit by the ACGIH (0.002 mg/m). The mean lung cancer risk was estimated to be 5.49E-2, which was considerable risk. In the Cr-exposed workers, all parameters of pulmonary function had decreased. The level of Cr in urinary and blood samples was higher than threshold limit. Results indicated that exposure to Cr and its health risk were more than recommended exposure limit. The results of present study could be helpful for health policy maker to control exposure to Cr in workplaces.
不同行业均有职业性接触六价铬（Cr）的报道。铬具有致癌和非致癌作用。本研究旨在对伊朗工作场所职业性接触铬进行荟萃分析和健康风险评估。检索了2000年至2021年2月的数据库，包括Scopus、科学网（WOS）以及作为国家数据库的科学信息数据库（SID）。通过系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）方案筛选与职业性接触铬相关的研究。基于蒙特卡洛模拟（MCS），采用美国环境保护局（EPA）方法估算铬导致肺癌和非癌症风险（鼻黏膜刺激、萎缩和穿孔）。此外，还回顾了以往研究的肺功能测定和生物监测结果。根据纳入标准，我们找到了14篇文章。铬的合并浓度估计为0.037±0.002mg/m，高于美国政府工业卫生学家会议（ACGIH）推荐的接触限值（0.002mg/m）。肺癌平均风险估计为5.49E-2，这是相当大的风险。在接触铬的工人中，肺功能的所有参数均有所下降。尿液和血液样本中的铬水平高于阈值。结果表明，铬暴露及其健康风险高于推荐接触限值。本研究结果有助于卫生政策制定者控制工作场所的铬暴露。
