Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Dec 1;290:117949. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117949. Epub 2021 Aug 12.
The domestic combustion of smoky (bituminous) coal in the Chinese counties of Xuanwei and Fuyuan, are responsible for some of the highest rates of lung cancer in the world. Cancer rates vary between coal producing regions (deposits) in the area, with coals from Laibin exhibiting particularly high risks and smokeless (anthracite) coal exhibiting lower risks. However, little information is available on the specific burning characteristics of coals from throughout the area. We conducted an extensive controlled burning experiment using coal from multiple deposits in either a traditional firepit or ventilated stove, accompanied by a detailed examination of time-weighted and real-time size-aggregated particle concentrations. Smoky coal caused higher particle concentrations of all sizes than smokeless coal, with variations observed by geological source. Virtually all particle emissions were in the PM fraction (98% - mass based), and 75% and 46% were in the PM and PM fraction respectively. Real-time concentrations of PM and PM peaked after coal was added and declined afterwards. Ventilation reduced particle concentrations by up to 15-fold and increased the coal burning rate by 1.9-fold. These findings may provide valuable insight for reducing exposure and adverse health effects associated with domestic coal combustion.
中国宣威县和富源县农村家庭燃烧有烟煤（烟煤），导致这些地区成为世界上肺癌发病率最高的地区之一。该地区不同煤矿（矿床）的癌症发病率存在差异，来自来宾的煤炭风险尤其高，无烟煤（无烟煤）的风险较低。然而，关于该地区煤炭的具体燃烧特性的信息却很少。我们在传统火坑或通风炉中使用来自多个矿床的煤炭进行了广泛的对照燃烧实验，同时详细检查了加权时间和实时大小聚集颗粒浓度。有烟煤引起的所有粒径的颗粒浓度均高于无烟煤，且根据地质来源存在差异。实际上，所有颗粒排放物均在 PM 级（基于质量的 98%），分别有 75%和 46%在 PM 和 PM 级。PM 和 PM 的实时浓度在添加煤炭后达到峰值，随后下降。通风可将颗粒浓度降低多达 15 倍，并将煤炭燃烧速度提高 1.9 倍。这些发现可能为减少与家庭煤炭燃烧有关的暴露和不良健康影响提供有价值的见解。
