Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
Physiology and Physiopathology Section, Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences Department, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Jul 22;12(8):1109. doi: 10.3390/genes12081109.
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop of endangered and critically endangered breeds has been studied to identify maternal lineages, characterize genetic inheritance, reconstruct phylogenetic relations among breeds, and develop biodiversity conservation and breeding programs. The aim of the study was to determine the variability remaining and the phylogenetic relationship of Martina Franca (MF, with total population of 160 females and 36 males), Ragusano (RG, 344 females and 30 males), Pantesco (PT, 47 females and 15 males), and Catalonian (CT) donkeys by collecting genetic data from maternal lineages. Genetic material was collected from saliva, and a 350 bp fragment of D-loop mtDNA was amplified and sequenced. Sequences were aligned and evaluated using standard bioinformatics software. A total of 56 haplotypes including 33 polymorphic sites were found in 77 samples (27 MF, 22 RG, 8 PT, 19 CT, 1 crossbred). The breed nucleotide diversity value (π) for all the breeds was 0.128 (MF: 0.162, RG: 0.132, PT: 0.025, CT: 0.038). Principal components analysis grouped most of the haplogroups into two different clusters, I (including all haplotypes from PT and CT, together with haplotypes from MF and RG) and II (including haplotypes from MF and RG only). In conclusion, we found that the primeval haplotypes, haplogroup variability, and a large number of maternal lineages were preserved in MF and RG; thus, these breeds play putative pivotal roles in the phyletic relationships of donkey breeds. Maternal inheritance is indispensable genetic information required to evaluate inheritance, variability, and breeding programs.
已对濒危和极危品种的线粒体 DNA (mtDNA) D 环进行了研究，以确定母系谱系、表征遗传特性、重建品种间的系统发育关系，并制定生物多样性保护和繁育计划。本研究的目的是通过收集母系遗传数据，确定 Martina Franca (MF, 160 头雌性和 36 头雄性)、Ragusano (RG, 344 头雌性和 30 头雄性)、Pantesco (PT, 47 头雌性和 15 头雄性)和 Catalonian (CT) 驴的遗传多样性和系统发育关系。从唾液中提取遗传物质，扩增并测序 350bp 的 D 环 mtDNA 片段。对序列进行比对和评估，使用标准生物信息学软件。在 77 个样本（27 个 MF、22 个 RG、8 个 PT、19 个 CT、1 个杂交）中发现了 56 个单倍型，包括 33 个多态性位点。所有品种的核苷酸多样性值 (π) 为 0.128（MF：0.162、RG：0.132、PT：0.025、CT：0.038）。主成分分析将大多数单倍型分为两个不同的簇，I（包括来自 PT 和 CT 的所有单倍型，以及来自 MF 和 RG 的单倍型）和 II（仅包括来自 MF 和 RG 的单倍型）。综上所述，我们发现 MF 和 RG 保留了原始单倍型、单倍型变异性和大量母系谱系，因此，这些品种在驴品种的系统发育关系中可能发挥着关键作用。母系遗传是评估遗传、变异性和繁育计划不可或缺的遗传信息。
