Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, 80144 Naples, Italy.
Cells. 2021 Aug 11;10(8):2048. doi: 10.3390/cells10082048.
Cutaneous melanoma is a lethal disease, even when diagnosed in advanced stages. Although recent progress in biology and treatment has dramatically improved survival rates, new therapeutic approaches are still needed. Deregulation of epigenetics, which mainly controls DNA methylation status and chromatin remodeling, is implied not only in cancer initiation and progression, but also in resistance to antitumor drugs. Epigenetics in melanoma has been studied recently in both melanoma preclinical models and patient samples, highlighting its potential role in different phases of melanomagenesis, as well as in resistance to approved drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and MAPK inhibitors. This review summarizes what is currently known about epigenetics in melanoma and dwells on the recognized and potential new targets for testing epigenetic drugs, alone or together with other agents, in advanced melanoma patients.
皮肤黑色素瘤是一种致命的疾病，即使在晚期诊断也是如此。尽管近年来生物学和治疗方面的进展极大地提高了生存率，但仍需要新的治疗方法。表观遗传学的失调主要控制 DNA 甲基化状态和染色质重塑，不仅暗示了癌症的发生和进展，还暗示了对抗肿瘤药物的耐药性。最近在黑色素瘤的临床前模型和患者样本中研究了黑色素瘤中的表观遗传学，突出了其在黑色素瘤发生的不同阶段以及对批准药物（如免疫检查点抑制剂和 MAPK 抑制剂）的耐药性中的潜在作用。这篇综述总结了目前已知的黑色素瘤中的表观遗传学，并详细介绍了已识别和潜在的新靶点，用于在晚期黑色素瘤患者中单独或与其他药物联合测试表观遗传药物。
