Regner Tobias, Matthey Astrid
Department of Economics, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
Economic and Social Environmental Issues, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Jena, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2021 Aug 10;12:684078. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684078. eCollection 2021.
Self-signaling models predict less selfish behavior in a probabilistic giving setting as individuals are expected to invest in a pro-social identity. However, there is also substantial evidence that people tend to exploit situational excuses for selfish choices (for instance, uncertainty) and behave more selfishly. We contrast these two motivations (identity management and self-deception) experimentally in order to test which one is more prevalent in a reciprocal giving setting. Trustees' back transfer choices are elicited for five different transfer levels of the trustor. Moreover, we ask trustees to provide their back transfer schedule for different scenarios that vary the implementation probability of the back transfer. This design allows us to identify subjects who reciprocate and analyze how these reciprocators respond when self-image relevant factors are varied. Our results indicate that self-deception is prevalent when subjects make the back transfer choice. Twice as many subjects seem to exploit situational excuses than subjects who appear to invest in a pro-social identity. : C72, C91, D80, D91.
自我信号模型预测，在概率性给予情境中，个体的自私行为会减少，因为人们预计会投资于亲社会身份。然而，也有大量证据表明，人们倾向于为自私选择寻找情境借口（例如不确定性），并表现得更加自私。我们通过实验对比这两种动机（身份管理和自我欺骗），以测试哪一种在互惠给予情境中更普遍。针对信任者的五种不同转移水平，引出受托人反向转移的选择。此外，我们要求受托人针对不同情景提供他们的反向转移计划，这些情景会改变反向转移的实施概率。这种设计使我们能够识别出进行互惠的主体，并分析当与自我形象相关的因素发生变化时，这些互惠者如何做出反应。我们的结果表明，当主体做出反向转移选择时，自我欺骗很普遍。利用情境借口的主体似乎是那些投资于亲社会身份的主体的两倍。：C72、C91、D80、D91。
