Algaifi Hassan Amer, Mustafa Mohamed Abdeliazim, Alsuhaibani Eyad, Shahidan Shahiron, Alrshoudi Fahed, Huseien Ghasan Fahim, Bakar Suhaimi Abu
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia.
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Aug 16;13(16):2750. doi: 10.3390/polym13162750.
Although free-cement-based alkali-activated paste, mortar, and concrete have been recognised as sustainable and environmental-friendly materials, a considerable amount of effort is still being channeled to ascertain the best binary or ternary binders that would satisfy the requirements of strength and durability as well as environmental aspects. In this study, the mechanical properties of alkali-activated mortar (AAM) made with binary binders, involving fly ash (FA) and granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) as well as bottle glass waste nano-silica powder (BGWNP), were opti-mised using both experimentally and optimisation modelling through three scenarios. In the first scenario, the addition of BGWNP varied from 5% to 20%, while FA and GBFS were kept constant (30:70). In the second and third scenarios, BGWNP (5-20%) was added as the partial replacement of FA and GBFS, separately. The results show that the combination of binary binders (FA and GBFS) and BGWNP increased AAM's strength compared to that of the control mixture for all scenarios. In addition, the findings also demonstrated that the replacement of FA by BGWNP was the most significant, while the effect of GBFS replacement by BGWNP was less significant. In particular, the highest improvement in compressive strength was recorded when FA, GBFS, and BGWNP were 61.6%, 30%, and 8.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the results of ANOVA ( values < 0.0001 and high F-values) as well as several statistical validation methods ( > 0.9, RAE < 0.1, RSE < 0.013, and RRSE < 0.116) confirmed that all the models were robust, reliable, and significant. Similarly, the data variation was found to be less than 5%, and the difference between the predicted and adj. was very small (<0.2), thus confirming that the proposed non-linear quadratic equations had the capability to predict for further observation. In conclusion, the use of BGWNP in AAM could act as a beneficial and sustainable strategy, not only to address environmental issues (e.g., landfill) but to also enhance strength properties.
尽管基于水泥的无水泥碱激发胶凝材料、砂浆和混凝土已被公认为可持续且环保的材料，但仍有大量工作致力于确定能满足强度、耐久性以及环境方面要求的最佳二元或三元胶凝材料。在本研究中，通过三种方案，采用实验和优化建模相结合的方式，对由二元胶凝材料制成的碱激发砂浆（AAM）的力学性能进行了优化，这些二元胶凝材料包括粉煤灰（FA）、粒化高炉矿渣（GBFS）以及瓶玻璃废纳米二氧化硅粉（BGWNP）。在第一种方案中，BGWNP的添加量从5%变化到20%，而FA和GBFS保持恒定（30:70）。在第二种和第三种方案中，分别添加BGWNP（5 - 20%）作为FA和GBFS的部分替代物。结果表明，在所有方案中，二元胶凝材料（FA和GBFS）与BGWNP的组合均提高了AAM的强度，与对照混合物相比。此外，研究结果还表明，用BGWNP替代FA的效果最为显著，而用BGWNP替代GBFS的效果则不太显著。特别是，当FA、GBFS和BGWNP分别为61.6%、30%和8.4%时，抗压强度的提升最为显著。此外，方差分析的结果（ 值<0.0001且F值较高）以及几种统计验证方法（>0.9，RAE<0.1，RSE<0.013，RRSE<0.116）证实所有模型都稳健、可靠且具有显著性。同样，发现数据变化小于5%，预测值和调整后值之间的差异非常小（<0.2），从而证实所提出的非线性二次方程有能力进行进一步观测预测。总之，在AAM中使用BGWNP不仅可以作为一种有益且可持续的策略来解决环境问题（如填埋），还能增强强度性能。
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