University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
J Infect Dis. 2021 Dec 20;224(12 Suppl 2):S742-S748. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab423.
The rapid spread of the seventh cholera pandemic over Asia in the 1960s led to several large field studies that revealed that the traditional injectable cholera vaccines had poor efficacy, which led the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 1970s to stop recommending cholera vaccination. At the same time, it stimulated research that has led to the development of the effective orally administered cholera vaccines (OCVs) that today are a cornerstone in WHO's strategy for Ending Cholera-A Global Roadmap to 2030. The first effective OCV, Dukoral, containing a mixture of inactivated Vibrio cholerae bacteria and cholera toxin B subunit, was licensed in 1991 and is, together with 2 similar inactivated whole-cell OCVs, Shanchol and Euvichol, currently WHO prequalified and recommended OCVs. This brief review is a personal account of the modern history of the development of these now universally recognized effective tools.
20 世纪 60 年代，第七次霍乱大流行在亚洲迅速蔓延，随后开展了几项大型现场研究，结果表明传统的注射用霍乱疫苗效果不佳，这导致世界卫生组织（世卫组织）在 20 世纪 70 年代停止推荐霍乱疫苗接种。与此同时，这也促使人们开展了研究，最终开发出了有效的口服霍乱疫苗（OCV），如今这是世卫组织消除霍乱全球路线图（2030 年）战略的基石。第一种有效的 OCV，Dukoral，含有混合的灭活霍乱弧菌和霍乱毒素 B 亚单位，于 1991 年获得许可，目前与 2 种类似的灭活全细胞 OCV（Shanchol 和 Euvichol）一起，被世卫组织预认证并推荐使用。这篇简要的回顾文章是个人对这些现已被普遍认可的有效工具的现代发展历史的叙述。
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