Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2022 Dec;18(12):1307-1318. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2022.2136650. Epub 2022 Oct 28.
Cholera is an enteric disease caused by , a water-borne pathogen, and characterized by severe diarrhea. Vaccines have been recommended for use by the WHO in resource-limited settings. Efficacies of the currently licensed cholera vaccines are not optimal in endemic settings and low in children below the age of five, a section of the population most susceptible to the disease. Development of next generation of cholera vaccines would require a detailed understanding of the required protective immune responses.
In this review, we revisit clinical trials which are focused on the early transcriptional mucosal responses elicited during infection and upon vaccination along with summarizing various components of the effector immune response against .
The inability of currently licensed killed/inactivated vaccines to elicit key inflammatory pathways locally may explain their restricted efficacy in endemic settings. More studies are required to understand the immunogenicity of the live attenuated cholera vaccine in these regions. Various extrinsic and intrinsic factors influence anti-cholera immunity and need to be considered to develop region-specific next generation vaccines.
霍乱是一种肠道疾病，由水源性病原体引起，其特征是严重腹泻。世界卫生组织建议在资源有限的环境中使用疫苗。目前许可的霍乱疫苗在流行地区的效果并不理想，对五岁以下的儿童效果较低，而这部分人群是最容易感染该疾病的人群。开发下一代霍乱疫苗需要对所需的保护性免疫反应有详细的了解。
在这篇综述中，我们重新审视了专注于感染期间和接种疫苗后早期转录黏膜反应的临床试验，并总结了针对的效应免疫反应的各个组成部分。
目前许可的灭活/减毒疫苗不能在局部引发关键的炎症途径，这可能解释了它们在流行地区的有限疗效。需要进行更多的研究来了解在这些地区减毒活霍乱疫苗的免疫原性。各种外在和内在因素影响抗霍乱免疫力，需要加以考虑，以开发针对特定地区的下一代疫苗。
