Abdollahzade Naseh, Majidinia Maryam, Babri Shirin
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Sep;48(9):6603-6618. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06669-3. Epub 2021 Aug 28.
Arsenic is a natural element which exists in the environment in inorganic and organic forms. In humans, the main reason for the toxicity of arsenic is its uptake via water sources. As polluted water and the problems associated with it can be found in many countries. Therefore, considering all these positive effects of melatonin, this review is aimed at melatonin supplementation therapy on arsenic toxicity which seems to be a suitable therapeutic agent to eliminate the adverse effects of arsenic.
It is seen in previous studies that chronic exposure to arsenic could cause serious dys functions of organs and induce different degrees of toxicities that is one of the first hazardous materials in the classification of substances by the United States Environmental Protection Agency so leads to costly cleanup operations burdening the economy. Arsenic harmfulness degree depends on the bioavailability, chemical form, valence state, detoxification, and metabolism of human body. The oxidative stress has a major role in arsenic-induced toxicity; on the other hand, it was discovered that melatonin is a powerful scavenger for free radical and it's an extensive-spectrum antioxidant.
Due to its highly lipophilic and small size properties, melatonin accesses all intracellular organs by easily passing via the cell membrane and prevents protein, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation. In particular, melatonin, by protecting and reducing oxidative stress in mitochondria, can normalize homeostasis and mitochondrial function and ultimately prevent apoptosis and cell death.
砷是一种自然元素，以无机和有机形式存在于环境中。在人类中，砷毒性的主要原因是通过水源摄入。由于许多国家都存在受污染的水及其相关问题。因此，考虑到褪黑素的所有这些积极作用，本综述旨在探讨褪黑素补充疗法对砷毒性的影响，褪黑素似乎是一种消除砷不良反应的合适治疗剂。
先前的研究表明，长期接触砷会导致器官严重功能障碍，并引发不同程度的毒性，砷是美国环境保护局物质分类中的首批有害物质之一，因此会导致代价高昂的清理行动，给经济带来负担。砷的危害程度取决于其生物利用度、化学形式、价态、人体的解毒和代谢。氧化应激在砷诱导的毒性中起主要作用；另一方面，发现褪黑素是一种强大的自由基清除剂，是一种广谱抗氧化剂。
由于褪黑素具有高度亲脂性和体积小的特性，它可以轻松穿过细胞膜进入所有细胞内器官，防止蛋白质、DNA损伤和脂质过氧化。特别是，褪黑素通过保护和减少线粒体中的氧化应激，可以使体内稳态和线粒体功能正常化，并最终防止细胞凋亡和细胞死亡。
