Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain; Observatory of Pain, Grünenthal Foundation-University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.
Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain; Pediatrics integral and Pediatric Psychology Research Group CTS-152, Spain.
J Pediatr Nurs. 2022 Jan-Feb;62:e125-e130. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.08.016. Epub 2021 Aug 26.
In the last decades, the birth of premature babies has increased, it is important to know the impact of certain variables, especially in the most vulnerable groups.
To analyse the relationship of gestational age (GA), weight and sex of the children, as well as the educational level and age of the parents with the cognitive, motor and language development of a group of very preterm births, assessed at 36 months.
The research followed a descriptive, observational and cross-sectional design. Children's development was measured using the Bayley-III Scale. Descriptive analysis, bivariate and linear regression models were carried out.
Although the cognitive, motor and language development is within average levels, worse results are evidenced in the group of extreme premature, as opposed to the very premature. Boys score lower than girls, with these differences being more pronounced in the motor area. It also shows how the education level of both parents is related to the levels of development at 3 years of age of children born very prematurely, especially in language.
Lower GA, male sex and lower parental educational level are associated with higher risk of developmental difficulties.
The findings of this study are relevant to clinical practice because they suggest to develop protocols of evaluation and the follow up of all premature children beyond 36 months, as well as developing specific intervention programmes for the most vulnerable of the premature groups.
在过去几十年中，早产儿的出生率有所增加，了解某些变量的影响变得尤为重要，尤其是对最脆弱的群体。
分析胎龄（GA）、儿童体重和性别，以及父母的教育水平和年龄与一组非常早产儿认知、运动和语言发育的关系，这些早产儿在 36 个月时进行评估。
本研究采用描述性、观察性和横断面设计。采用贝利 III 量表测量儿童的发育情况。进行描述性分析、双变量和线性回归模型。
尽管认知、运动和语言发育处于平均水平，但极早产儿组的结果更差，与非常早产儿组相反。男孩的得分低于女孩，这些差异在运动区域更为明显。它还表明，父母双方的教育水平与非常早产儿在 3 岁时的发育水平相关，尤其是在语言方面。
较低的 GA、男性性别和较低的父母教育水平与发育困难的风险增加相关。
本研究的结果与临床实践相关，因为它们表明需要制定评估和随访所有早产儿的协议，超过 36 个月，并为早产儿群体中最脆弱的群体制定具体的干预计划。
