Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX.
Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton.
Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2020 May 8;29(2):625-637. doi: 10.1044/2019_AJSLP-19-00049. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the language, motor, and cognitive abilities of children born preterm in four categories: (a) healthy preterm infants, (b) infants of diabetic mothers, (c) infants with respiratory distress syndrome, and (d) infants with chronic lung disease when the children were 30 months, uncorrected age. Comorbidity of language, motor, and cognitive skills was examined, along with predictor variables. Method A total of 148 children who were born preterm participated and were assessed using bivariate tests and logistic regression on standardized assessment scores. Results Controlling for the children's gestational age (GA), overall language ability was significantly lower in the infants of diabetic mothers group compared to the healthy preterm infant group, and expressive language skills were significantly lower for the chronic lung disease group than the respiratory distress syndrome group. The children with language delays on at least one measure were significantly more likely to have cognitive, motor, or both delays. Lower maternal education was a significant predictor for language and cognitive delays, and younger GA was a significant predictor for language, motor, and cognitive delays. Conclusion Assessment of the preterm infant from a biosystems approach allows the speech-language pathologist to take into consideration maternal education, diagnosis at preterm birth, and GA, which were found to impact the language, motor, and cognitive outcomes of children born preterm. Our findings further reinforce the concept of the whole child in that children born preterm who display language delays should be screened for co-occurring motor and/or cognitive delays.
目的 本研究旨在检查四类早产儿儿童的语言、运动和认知能力：（a）健康的早产儿婴儿；（b）患有糖尿病母亲的婴儿；（c）患有呼吸窘迫综合征的婴儿；（d）患有慢性肺部疾病的婴儿，当他们 30 个月大时，为未经校正的年龄。同时检查了语言、运动和认知技能的合并症，以及预测变量。 方法 共有 148 名早产儿儿童参与了本研究，并使用标准评估分数进行了二元检验和逻辑回归分析。 结果 控制儿童的胎龄（GA）后，与健康的早产儿婴儿组相比，糖尿病母亲组的儿童整体语言能力显著较低，慢性肺部疾病组的儿童表达性语言技能明显低于呼吸窘迫综合征组。至少有一项语言测试延迟的儿童更有可能同时存在认知、运动或两者的延迟。母亲教育程度较低是语言和认知延迟的显著预测因素，而胎龄较小是语言、运动和认知延迟的显著预测因素。 结论 从生物系统方法评估早产儿可以让言语治疗师考虑到母亲的教育程度、早产儿的诊断和胎龄，这些因素会影响早产儿的语言、运动和认知结果。我们的发现进一步强化了整体儿童的概念，即有语言延迟的早产儿儿童应进行运动和/或认知延迟的筛查。
