Dental Student.
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Resident.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Nov;79(11):2319.e1-2319.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.07.020. Epub 2021 Jul 24.
To understand the impact of social distancing policies on the incidence and severity of oral and maxillofacial trauma (OMT) secondary to interpersonal violence (IPV) and domestic violence (DV).
The authors designed a retrospective cohort study enrolling subjects who presented to an urban Level 1 trauma center in Seattle, WA, for the evaluation and management of OMT between January 1 and December 31 in the years 2018 through 2020. The primary predictor variable was evaluation of OMT during periods with (2020: investigational group) or without (2018 or 2019: control group) social distancing policies in place. The primary outcome variables were the mechanism and severity of injury, defined as IPV, DV or neither, the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) and the injury severity score (ISS). Descriptive, univariate and bivariate analyses were performed with statistical significance at P < .05.
Eight hundred twenty-eight subjects; 737 (89%) IPV and 91(11%) IPV due to DV. The incidence of OMT secondary to IPV or DV was unchanged (P = .81, P = .57 respectively). There was a nonsignificant increase in ISS for IPV (P = .07) and no change for DV (P = .46). AIS scores were unchanged for IPV (P = .36). For DV, AIS scores were lower in 2020 when compared to 2019 (P = .04) but unchanged from 2018 (P = .58). At least half of the DV victims were male (50% in 2018, 59% in 2019, and 53% in 2020). Of these, 65% were under 18, and represented the pediatric majority (62%). A nonsignificant increase in non-white subjects presenting with DV in 2020 (P = .15) was seen.
The COVID-19 pandemic did not change the number or severity of OMT cases secondary to IPV or DV in this region of Washington. Pediatric males were more likely to be victims of DV.
了解社交距离政策对人际暴力（IPV）和家庭暴力（DV）引起的口腔颌面外伤（OMT）的发生率和严重程度的影响。
作者设计了一项回顾性队列研究，纳入了 2018 年至 2020 年期间在西雅图华盛顿州的一家城市一级创伤中心因 OMT 接受评估和管理的患者。主要预测变量是在实施社交距离政策期间（2020 年：研究组）或未实施社交距离政策期间（2018 年或 2019 年：对照组）对 OMT 的评估。主要结局变量是损伤机制和严重程度，定义为 IPV、DV 或两者均无、简明损伤量表（AIS）和损伤严重程度评分（ISS）。采用描述性、单变量和双变量分析，以 P<0.05 为统计学意义。
828 例患者；737 例（89%）为 IPV，91 例（11%）为 IPV 导致的 DV。IPV 或 DV 引起的 OMT 发生率无变化（P=0.81，P=0.57）。IPV 的 ISS 略有升高（P=0.07），DV 无变化（P=0.46）。IPV 的 AIS 评分无变化（P=0.36）。对于 DV，与 2019 年相比，2020 年的 AIS 评分较低（P=0.04），但与 2018 年相比无变化（P=0.58）。至少一半的 DV 受害者为男性（2018 年为 50%，2019 年为 59%，2020 年为 53%）。其中，65%年龄在 18 岁以下，占儿科患者的大多数（62%）。2020 年，非白人患者因 DV 就诊的比例略有增加（P=0.15）。
在华盛顿州的这一地区，COVID-19 大流行并未改变因 IPV 或 DV 引起的 OMT 数量或严重程度。儿科男性更有可能成为 DV 的受害者。
