Ferragina Francesco, Barca Ida, Sorrentino Alfonso, Kallaverja Elvis, Piloni Sara, Arrotta Antonella, Cristofaro Maria Giulia
Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Hospital of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Life (Basel). 2022 Sep 20;12(10):1463. doi: 10.3390/life12101463.
Background: This retrospective study aims to identify the potential reasons for the increase in maxillofacial trauma from domestic violence in the first COVID-19 lockdown and propose some strategies that could be effective in fighting it during any future pandemic events. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on patients with maxillofacial trauma who arrived at the Maxillofacial Unit of the Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro from 9 March to 3 May 2020, who were compared with those registered in the same period in 2019. Inclusion criteria were: patients of both sexes and admission diagnosed with maxillofacial trauma with or without bone fracture. Exclusion criteria were: patients less than 7 years of age, maxillofacial trauma that occurred outside the established period, and patients unconscious or with unclear clinical history. Patients were divided into two groups according to the mechanism of injury (MOI): “domestic” and “non-domestic” trauma. Both descriptive and regressive statistical analysis was conducted using a Student’s t-test with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The total number of maxillofacial fractures in 2020 was similar to 2019 (31 pcs in 2020 vs. 38 pcs in 2019). Before the lockdown, most of the trauma occurred in non-domestic settings (25% in 2020 vs. 76.67% in 2019), especially in road accidents (4.17% in 2020 vs. 20% in 2019). During the lockdown, most of the trauma occurred in a domestic setting (75% in 2020 vs. 23.33% in 2019), especially interpersonal violence (31.58% in 2020 vs. 14.28% in 2019). There were 7 cases of interpersonal violence recorded in 2020 (1 male and 6 female), compared to only one case (female) recorded in 2019, with a statistically significant p-Value (0.0475). Conclusions: The first COVID-19 lockdown has provided the opportunity to study the aetiology of domestic trauma due to interpersonal violence attributable to economic and social problems, all of which were aggravated by the impediment to requesting help due to the difficulty of contacting the services and the general slowdown in the ways out of violence. The analysis conducted and compared with data in the literature suggests the adoption of a proactive (and non-reactive) approach to combat domestic violence during pandemic events.
本回顾性研究旨在确定在首次新冠疫情封锁期间家庭暴力导致颌面创伤增加的潜在原因，并提出一些在未来任何疫情期间有效应对该问题的策略。材料与方法：本研究针对2020年3月9日至5月3日抵达卡坦扎罗大希腊大学颌面科的颌面创伤患者进行，与2019年同期登记的患者进行比较。纳入标准为：男女患者，入院诊断为有或无骨折的颌面创伤。排除标准为：年龄小于7岁的患者、在既定时间段外发生的颌面创伤、无意识或临床病史不明的患者。根据损伤机制（MOI）将患者分为两组：“家庭”和“非家庭”创伤。使用学生t检验进行描述性和回归性统计分析，显著性水平设定为p < 0.05。结果：2020年颌面骨折总数与2019年相似（2020年为31例，2019年为38例）。在封锁前，大多数创伤发生在非家庭环境（2020年为25%，2019年为76.67%），尤其是道路交通事故（2020年为4.17%，2019年为20%）。在封锁期间，大多数创伤发生在家庭环境（2020年为75%，2019年为23.33%），尤其是人际暴力（2020年为31.58%，2019年为14.28%）。2020年记录了7例人际暴力事件（1名男性和6名女性），而2019年仅记录了1例（女性），p值具有统计学意义（0.0475）。结论：首次新冠疫情封锁提供了一个机会，来研究由于经济和社会问题导致的人际暴力引起的家庭创伤的病因，由于联系服务困难和摆脱暴力途径普遍放缓而难以寻求帮助，所有这些因素都加剧了这些问题。所进行的分析并与文献数据比较表明，在疫情期间应采取积极（而非被动）的方法来打击家庭暴力。
