Kumkhong S, Marandel L, Plagnes-Juan E, Veron V, Panserat S, Boonanuntanasarn S
School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
Animal. 2021 Sep;15(9):100347. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100347. Epub 2021 Aug 26.
Nutritional programming is a concept proposed to be applied in the field of fish nutrition to improve the use of new diets in aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate for the first time the effects of a glucose injection into the yolk at the alevin stage on intermediary metabolism and growth in adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at 32-37 weeks later in the life. The early stimulus was performed through direct microinjection of 2 M glucose into yolk sacs of Nile tilapia alevin. Subsequently, in adult tilapia, the long-term effects of glucose stimulus on growth performance, blood metabolites, chemical composition in the liver and muscle, expression of genes involved in glucose transport and metabolism (glycolysis and gluconeogenesis) and related pathways (amino acid catabolism and lipogenesis) were investigated. Our results showed that, even though early glucose injection had no effect on growth performance in adult fish, very few significant effects on glucose metabolism were observed. Furthermore, to evaluate the potential metabolic programming after a dietary challenge, a 2 × 2 factorial design with two early stimuli (0.85% NaCl or 2 M glucose) and two different dietary carbohydrate intakes (medium-carbohydrate diet, CHO-M; high-carbohydrate diet, CHO-H) was performed between weeks 33 and 37. As expected, compared with the CHO-M diet, the CHO-H diet led to decreased growth performance, higher glyceamia and triglyceridemia, higher glycogen and lipid levels in the liver as well as down-regulation of gluconeogenesis and amino acid catabolism gene expressions. More interestingly, although early glucose injection had no significant effect on growth performance, it enhanced the capacities for lipogenesis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, particularly in fish that were fed the CHO-H diet. Thus, the nutritional programming of tilapia linked to glucose injection into the yolk of alevins is always visible at the adult stage albeit less intense than what we previously observed in juvenile.
营养编程是一个提出应用于鱼类营养领域以改善水产养殖新饲料利用的概念。本研究旨在首次调查在仔鱼期向卵黄中注射葡萄糖对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）成鱼在32 - 37周龄时中间代谢和生长的影响。早期刺激是通过将2M葡萄糖直接微量注射到尼罗罗非鱼仔鱼的卵黄囊中进行的。随后，在成年罗非鱼中，研究了葡萄糖刺激对生长性能、血液代谢物、肝脏和肌肉中的化学成分、参与葡萄糖转运和代谢（糖酵解和糖异生）及相关途径（氨基酸分解代谢和脂肪生成）的基因表达的长期影响。我们的结果表明，尽管早期注射葡萄糖对成年鱼的生长性能没有影响，但观察到对葡萄糖代谢的显著影响很少。此外，为了评估饮食挑战后的潜在代谢编程，在第33至37周期间进行了一个2×2析因设计，包括两种早期刺激（0.85% NaCl或2M葡萄糖）和两种不同的饮食碳水化合物摄入量（中等碳水化合物饮食，CHO - M；高碳水化合物饮食，CHO - H）。正如预期的那样，与CHO - M饮食相比，CHO - H饮食导致生长性能下降、血糖和甘油三酯血症升高、肝脏中糖原和脂质水平升高以及糖异生和氨基酸分解代谢基因表达下调。更有趣的是，尽管早期注射葡萄糖对生长性能没有显著影响，但它增强了脂肪生成、糖酵解和糖异生的能力，特别是在喂食CHO - H饮食的鱼中。因此，与向仔鱼卵黄中注射葡萄糖相关的罗非鱼营养编程在成年阶段总是可见的，尽管不如我们之前在幼鱼中观察到的那么强烈。
