Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Jan;256:113508. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113508. Epub 2019 Oct 31.
Antibiotics used in global aquaculture production cause various side effects, which impair fish health. However, the use of dietary composition such as carbohydrate, which is one of the dominant components in fish diets to attenuate the side effects induced by antibiotics, remains unclear. We determined the ability of high carbohydrate diet to protect Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from oxytetracycline-induced side effects. Triplicate groups of thirty O. niloticus (9.50 ± 0.08 g) were fed on medium carbohydrate (MC; 335 g/kg) and high carbohydrate (HC; 455 g/kg) diets without and with 2.00 g/kg diet of oxytetracycline (80 mg/kg body weight/day) hereafter, MCO and HCO for 35 days. Thereafter, we assessed growth performance, hepatic nutrients composition and metabolism, microbiota abundance, immunity, oxidative and cellular stress, hepatotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. To understand the possible mechanism of carbohydrate protection on oxytetracycline, we assessed the binding effects and efficiencies of mixtures of medium and high starch with oxytetracycline as well as the MCO and HCO diets. The O. niloticus fed on the MCO and HCO diets had lower growth rate, nutrients utilization and survival rate than those fed on the MC and HC diets, respectively. Dietary HCO increased hepatosomatic index and hepatic protein content of O. niloticus than MCO diet. The O. niloticus fed on the HCO diet had lower mRNA expression of genes related to protein, glycogen and lipid metabolism compared to those fed on the MCO diet. Feeding O. niloticus on the HCO diet increased innate immunity and reduced pathogenic bacteria, pro-inflammation, hepatotoxicity, cellular stress and apoptosis than the MCO diet. The high starch with oxytetracycline and HCO diet had higher-oxytetracycline binding effects and efficiencies than the medium starch with oxytetracyline and MCO diet, respectively. Our study demonstrates that, high carbohydrate partially protects O. niloticus from oxytetracycline-induced side effects by binding the antibiotic. Incorporating high carbohydrate in diet formulation for omnivorous fish species alleviates some of the side effects caused by antibiotics.
抗生素在全球水产养殖生产中被广泛应用，但它们会导致各种副作用，损害鱼类健康。然而，利用碳水化合物等膳食成分来减轻抗生素引起的副作用的作用机制尚不清楚。碳水化合物是鱼类饲料中的主要成分之一，我们研究了高碳水化合物饮食对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）抵抗土霉素（oxytetracycline）副作用的能力。将 30 尾平均体重为 9.50±0.08g 的尼罗罗非鱼分为 3 组，每组 10 尾，分别投喂中碳（MC；335g/kg）和高碳（HC；455g/kg）饲料，同时在 HC 组饲料中添加 2.00g/kg 的土霉素（80mg/kg 体重/天），即 MCO 和 HCO 组。35 天后，我们评估了生长性能、肝营养成分和代谢、微生物群落丰度、免疫、氧化和细胞应激、肝毒性、脂质过氧化和细胞凋亡。为了研究碳水化合物对土霉素的保护作用机制，我们评估了中碳和高碳淀粉与土霉素混合物以及 MCO 和 HCO 饲料的结合效果和效率。与 MC 和 HC 组相比，MCO 和 HCO 组的尼罗罗非鱼生长速度、营养物质利用率和存活率均较低。与 MCO 组相比，HC 组的尼罗罗非鱼肝体比和肝蛋白含量更高。与 MCO 组相比，HC 组尼罗罗非鱼与蛋白质、糖原和脂质代谢相关的基因表达水平较低。与 MCO 组相比，HC 组的尼罗罗非鱼先天免疫增强，病原菌、促炎因子、肝毒性、细胞应激和细胞凋亡减少。高碳淀粉与土霉素和 HCO 饲料的结合效果和效率均高于中碳淀粉与土霉素和 MCO 饲料。本研究表明，高碳水化合物通过与抗生素结合，部分缓解了尼罗罗非鱼的土霉素副作用。在杂食性鱼类的饲料配方中添加高碳水化合物，可以减轻抗生素引起的一些副作用。
