Jia Xuemei, Tang Jianpu, Yao Chi, Yang Dayong
Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2021 Sep 13;7(9):4430-4438. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00868. Epub 2021 Aug 28.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale phospholipid bilayer membrane vesicles which contain varied active biomolecules. As natural carriers, EVs can deliver endogenous cargos to target tissues safely and effectively. However, the applications of natural released EVs are limited by their low yield and heterogeneity. Engineering EVs can endow them with more functions and better performances to address these issues. EVs can be modified and engineered to improve the yield, targeting efficiency, and content of beneficial cargos. Herein, the strategies of engineering EVs through genetic modification of EVs are introduced; the molecular modification of the EV membrane and the loading of nucleic acids are summarized; the building of EV mimetic nanovesicles are reviewed. Overall, we anticipate that readers will gain a better understanding of the progress of EV engineering, which will help to promote the development of the technologies and applications in this field.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是纳米级的磷脂双分子层膜囊泡，其中包含各种活性生物分子。作为天然载体，EVs能够将内源性货物安全有效地递送至靶组织。然而，天然释放的EVs的应用受到其低产量和异质性的限制。工程化改造的EVs可以赋予它们更多功能和更好的性能以解决这些问题。EVs可以通过修饰和工程化改造来提高产量、靶向效率以及有益货物的含量。本文介绍了通过对EVs进行基因改造来工程化改造EVs的策略；总结了EV膜的分子修饰和核酸装载；综述了EV模拟纳米囊泡的构建。总体而言，我们期望读者能更好地了解EV工程的进展，这将有助于推动该领域技术和应用的发展。
