Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Aug 12;12:720466. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.720466. eCollection 2021.
Diabetic vascular complications (DVC) including macrovascular and microvascular lesions, have a significant impact on public health, and lead to increased patient mortality. Disordered intercellular cascades play a vital role in diabetic systemic vasculopathy. Exosomes participate in the abnormal signal transduction of local vascular cells and mediate the transmission of metabolic disorder signal molecules in distant organs and cells through the blood circulation. They can store different signaling molecules in the membrane structure and release them into the blood, urine, and tears. In recent years, the carrier value and therapeutic effect of exosomes derived from stem cells have garnered attention. Exosomes are not only a promising biomarker but also a potential target and tool for the treatment of DVC. This review explored changes in the production process of exosomes in the diabetic microenvironment and exosomes' early warning role in DVC from different systems and their pathological processes. On the basis of these findings, we discussed the future direction of exosomes in the treatment of DVC, and the current limitations of exosomes in DVC research.
糖尿病血管并发症（DVC）包括大血管和微血管病变，对公众健康有重大影响，并导致患者死亡率增加。细胞间级联紊乱在糖尿病系统性血管病变中起着至关重要的作用。外泌体参与局部血管细胞的异常信号转导，并通过血液循环介导代谢紊乱信号分子在远处器官和细胞中的传递。它们可以在膜结构中储存不同的信号分子，并将其释放到血液、尿液和泪液中。近年来，干细胞来源的外泌体的载体价值和治疗效果引起了关注。外泌体不仅是一种很有前途的生物标志物，而且是治疗 DVC 的潜在靶点和工具。本综述从不同系统和病理过程探讨了糖尿病微环境中外泌体产生过程的变化以及外泌体在 DVC 中的早期预警作用。在此基础上，我们讨论了外泌体在 DVC 治疗中的未来方向，以及外泌体在 DVC 研究中的当前局限性。
