Guizhou University, The Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology and Agro-Bioengineering(CICMEAB), Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
College of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018, Guizhou, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Feb;29(9):12629-12647. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15596-6. Epub 2021 Aug 31.
To find out the genuine characteristics of Eucommia ulmoides produced in Guizhou.The habitat, functional characters and the content of medicinal components of Eucommia ulmoides in Guizhou were studied by using the method of sample survey combined with typical survey, related laboratory experiments and quantitative analysis. The results showed that the yield of Eucommia ulmoides plantation in Guizhou was divided into low altitude, low middle and high temperature rain slope latitude mixing, short sunshine hours type(A type), medium altitude, low longitude and latitude, high temperature rain, positive oblique steep slope, medium sunshine hours type (B type), middle altitude, low longitude and latitude, moderate high temperature rain, shady side and sunny side have gentle deflection steep slope, medium sunshine hours type (C type), High altitude, low longitude and latitude, low temperature moderate rain, positive gentle slope, long sunshine hours type (D type); Different types of Eucommia ulmoides plantation, Different habitat quality, B type is intensity karst rocky desertification habitat, A type is potential karst rocky desertification habitat, the C and D types are light and moderate rocky desertification areas, respectively, the species diversity of shrub layer in Eucommia ulmoides plantation was higher in D type and B type, A type and C type followed; There was no significant difference in root carbon content and leaf nitrogen content in 4 types of Eucommia ulmoides plantation, Among the four types of A, B, C, D, there were significant or extremely significant differences in other indexes of plant functional traits; Both genipinic acid and aucubin had the highest content of root bark, followed by trunk bark and lowest leaves, Chlorogenic acid is the opposite, The content of geniposide was higher in trunk bark and lower in root bark and leaves; Genipinic acid is higher in D type, Aucubin is higher in A and D type, Chlorogenic acid has higher leaves content in B type, Geniposide was the highest in trunk bark of D type; The element enrichment coefficient K and Mn leaves are the largest, the largest in trunk bark is Ca and Zn, Fe root bark is the largest; Effects of soil potassium, phosphorus, pH value and bulk weight on the functional traits of Eucommia ulmoides were significant. The contents of medicinal components in root bark, trunk bark, and leaves was influenced by species diversity of shrub layer, The contents of geniposide in root bark, aucubin in root bark and trunk bark, genipinic acid in bark and chlorogenic acid in leaves were particularly affected by soil physical and chemical indexes and metal element contents, The functional traits of Eucommia ulmoides can affect the content of medicinal components in root bark, trunk bark, and leaves, Especially on the root bark, trunk bark, and leaves in the content of aucubin content; The content of medicinal components of Eucommia ulmoides was high and stable. The above research results have important theoretical reference significance for the cultivation of Eucommia ulmoides and the cultivation of target medicinal components and the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of resources.
为了探究贵州产杜仲的真实特性。本研究采用样地调查与典型调查相结合、相关实验室实验与定量分析相结合的方法，对贵州杜仲的生境、功能特性及药用成分含量进行了研究。结果表明，贵州杜仲人工林的产量分为低海拔、低中高温雨坡混合、短日照 A 型（A 型）、中海拔、低经纬度、高温多雨、正斜陡坡、中日照 B 型（B 型）、中海拔、低经纬度、中高温多雨、背阴侧和阳坡有缓斜陡坡、中日照 C 型（C 型）、高海拔、低经纬度、低温中雨、正缓坡、长日照 D 型（D 型）；不同类型的杜仲人工林，不同的生境质量，B 型为强喀斯特石漠化生境，A 型为潜在喀斯特石漠化生境，C、D 型为轻中度石漠化区，D 型和 B 型杜仲人工林灌木层物种多样性较高，A 型和 C 型次之；4 种杜仲人工林根碳含量和叶氮含量无显著差异，A、B、C、D 型 4 种植物功能性状的其他指标均有显著或极显著差异；根皮中均以栀子酸和桃叶珊瑚苷含量最高，其次是干皮，而叶中含量最低，绿原酸则相反，根皮中栀子苷含量最高，干皮和叶中含量最低；D 型中栀子酸含量较高，A、D 型中桃叶珊瑚苷含量较高，B 型中绿原酸叶片含量较高，D 型中栀子苷含量最高；根皮中 K 和 Mn 叶片的元素富集系数最大，干皮中最大的是 Ca 和 Zn，Fe 根皮最大；土壤钾、磷、pH 值和容重对杜仲功能性状的影响显著。灌木层物种多样性影响根皮、干皮和叶的药用成分含量，特别是根皮中栀子苷、根皮和干皮中桃叶珊瑚苷、皮中栀子酸和叶中绿原酸的含量受土壤理化指标和金属元素含量的影响较大，杜仲的功能性状会影响根皮、干皮和叶的药用成分含量，特别是对根皮、干皮和叶中桃叶珊瑚苷的含量影响较大；杜仲药用成分含量高且稳定。上述研究结果对杜仲的栽培、目标药用成分的培育以及资源的综合开发利用具有重要的理论参考意义。
