DISTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
FEEM-Foundation Eni Enrico Mattei, Milan, Italy.
J Sci Food Agric. 2022 Jan 30;102(2):472-487. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.11513. Epub 2021 Sep 15.
Specialized metabolites from plants are important for human health due to their antioxidant properties. Light is one of the main factors modulating the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites, determining the cascade response activated by photoreceptors and the consequent modulation of expressed genes and biosynthetic pathways. Recent developments in light emitting diode (LED) technology have enabled improvements in artificial light applications for horticulture. In particular, the possibility to select specific spectral light compositions, intensities and photoperiods has been associated with altered metabolite content in a variety of crops. This review aims to analyze the effects of indoor LED lighting recipes and management on the specialized metabolite content in different groups of crop plants (namely medicinal and aromatic plants, microgreens and edible flowers), focusing on the literature from the last 5 years. The literature collection produced a total of 40 papers, which were analyzed according to the effects of artificial LED lighting on the content of anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenols, tocopherols, glycosides, and terpenes, and ranked on a scale of 1 to 3. Most studies applied a combination of red and blue light (22%) or monochromatic blue (23%), with a 16 h day photoperiod (78%) and an intensity greater than 200 μmol m s (77%). These treatment features were often the most efficient in enhancing specialized metabolite content, although large variations in performance were observed, according to the species considered and the compound analyzed. The review aims to provide valuable indications for the definition of the most promising spectral components toward the achievement of nutrient-rich indoor-grown products. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
植物的次生代谢物因其抗氧化特性而对人类健康很重要。光是调节次生代谢物生物合成的主要因素之一，决定了光受体激活的级联反应，以及随后表达基因和生物合成途径的调节。发光二极管（LED）技术的最新进展使园艺人工照明应用得到了改进。特别是，选择特定光谱光组成、强度和光周期的可能性与各种作物代谢物含量的改变有关。本综述旨在分析室内 LED 照明配方和管理对不同作物群体（即药用和芳香植物、芽苗菜和可食用花卉）中次生代谢物含量的影响，重点关注过去 5 年的文献。文献收集共产生了 40 篇论文，根据人工 LED 照明对花色苷、类胡萝卜素、酚类、生育酚、糖苷和萜烯含量的影响进行了分析，并根据影响程度分为 1-3 级。大多数研究应用红蓝光组合（22%）或单色蓝光（23%），16 小时光照周期（78%）和大于 200 μmol·m ²·s （77%）的光强。这些处理特征通常在提高次生代谢物含量方面最为有效，尽管根据所考虑的物种和分析的化合物，观察到性能的差异很大。本综述旨在为确定最有前途的光谱成分提供有价值的指示，以实现营养丰富的室内种植产品。 © 2021 作者。《食品科学杂志》由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表化学工业协会出版。
