Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021 Sep 14;64(9):3668-3684. doi: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00491. Epub 2021 Aug 31.
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the role of parental sensitivity in language and neurocognitive outcomes in children who are deaf and/or hard of hearing (DHH). Method Sixty-two parent-child dyads of children with normal hearing (NH) and 64 of children who are DHH (3-8 years) completed parent and child measures of inhibitory control/executive functioning and child measures of sentence comprehension and vocabulary. The dyads also participated in a video-recorded, free-play interaction that was coded for parental sensitivity. Results There was no evidence of associations between parental sensitivity and inhibitory control or receptive language in children with NH. In contrast, parental sensitivity was related to children's inhibitory control and all language measures in children who are DHH. Moreover, inhibitory control significantly mediated the association between parental sensitivity and child language on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Fifth Edition Following Directions subscale (6-8 years)/Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool-Second Edition Concepts and Following Directions subscale (3-5 years). Follow-up analyses comparing subgroups of children who used hearing aids ( = 29) or cochlear implants (CIs; = 35) revealed similar correlational trends, with the exception that parental sensitivity showed little relation to inhibitory control in the group of CI users. Conclusions Parental sensitivity is associated with at-risk language outcomes and disturbances in inhibitory control in young children who are DHH. Compared to children with NH, children who are DHH may be more sensitive to parental behaviors and their effects on emerging inhibitory control and spoken language. Specifically, inhibitory control, when scaffolded by positive parental behaviors, may be critically important for robust language development in children who are DHH.
目的 本研究旨在探讨父母敏感性在正常听力（NH）儿童和聋儿/重听儿童（DHH）的语言和神经认知结果中的作用。
方法 62 对 NH 儿童的父母-儿童抑制控制/执行功能和儿童句子理解和词汇量的测量，以及 64 对 DHH 儿童的父母-儿童抑制控制/执行功能和儿童的测量，完成了抑制控制/执行功能和儿童句子理解和词汇量的测量。这些对子还参与了视频记录的自由玩耍互动，该互动对父母的敏感性进行了编码。
结果 在 NH 儿童中，父母敏感性与抑制控制或接受性语言之间没有证据表明存在关联。相比之下，父母敏感性与 DHH 儿童的抑制控制和所有语言测量结果相关。此外，抑制控制显著介导了父母敏感性与儿童语言之间的关联，在《语言基础临床评估第五版-第五版》的以下指令子量表（6-8 岁）/《语言基础临床评估学前第二版概念和以下指令子量表》（3-5 岁）。比较使用助听器（=29）或人工耳蜗（CI；=35）的儿童亚组的后续分析显示了类似的相关趋势，除了在 CI 用户组中，父母敏感性与抑制控制的关系不大。
结论 父母敏感性与 DHH 幼儿的高风险语言结果和抑制控制障碍有关。与 NH 儿童相比，DHH 儿童可能对父母的行为及其对新兴抑制控制和口语语言的影响更为敏感。具体而言，当积极的父母行为支撑时，抑制控制对于 DHH 儿童的语言发展可能至关重要。
