Microbiome Management for the 21st Century and Beyond.

As we learn about the sophisticated and far-reaching impacts that our resident microbiomes have on our biology, it is apparent that the tools we have for managing our microbiomes are rudimentary at best. For example, though antibiotics rid our microbiomes of bacterial pathogens, they target pathogens and commensals alike. Additional approaches, such as fecal microbiome transplant, seem to restore a healthy microbiome in some applications, but the mechanisms underlying this treatment and its long-term effects are poorly understood. Here, I discuss my laboratory's research, which uses two major drivers of gut microbiome ecology, diet and bacteriophages, as tools to develop new concepts and approaches for managing microbiomes. I speculate on the anticipated impacts of this research and how it will influence the way that we treat the kaleidoscope of microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions central to our health.